mortality/aging
• 25% of homozygotes are dead by E14.5
• 50% dead by E18.5
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• of the few homozygotes to be born alive, all were dead within a few hours of birth
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embryo
• embryos well formed but small
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growth/size/body
• embryos well formed but small
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hematopoietic system
• decreased numbers of erythroid precursors in the liver and few in proliferative stage
• lymphoid and myeloid lineage reductions are disproportionate
• proliferative potential of all stem cells is severely reduced
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• RBCs are megaloblastic in appearance
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• decreased peripheral RBC counts
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• hematopoietic stem cell numbers reduced in proportion to reduced cellularity
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liver/biliary system
• small livers with significantly reduced cellularity by E15.5
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