mortality/aging
• mutant embryos are progressively lost starting at E13.5 with only 3% of pups at birth having the conditional null genotype
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cardiovascular system
• endothelial cells lining small capillaries have pyknotic and karyorrhetic changes and many are rounded, detached, and sloughing off into the lumen
• apoptotic and necrotic endothelial cells are seen
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• many capillaries with abnormal endothelial cells are collapsed
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• arterial canals and canal branches lack fetal red blood cells and some of the vessels appear collapsed; however the heart appears normal
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• at E13.5, the vascular network in the head is reduced and no clear outlines of viscera or axial skeleton with PECAM-1 staining
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• fewer branched vessels and a marked decrease in sprouting angiogenesis are seen in the yolk sac
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hemorrhage
(
J:99637
)
• at E13.5, multifocal, scattered, and variably sized hemorrhages are seen and at E14.5 these are large and superficial
• at E13.5, the thickened dermis also has numerous perivascular hemorrhages
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embryo
• arterial canals and canal branches lack fetal red blood cells and some of the vessels appear collapsed; however the heart appears normal
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• fewer branched vessels and a marked decrease in sprouting angiogenesis are seen in the yolk sac
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• seen in about 5% of embryos at E10.5
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• thickening of the amnion as a result of edema
• prominent amniotic blood vessels are not seen
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• the thickness of the placental labyrinth is reduced
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homeostasis/metabolism
growth/size/body
• seen in about 5% of embryos at E10.5
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integument
• at E13.5, thickening and expansion of the dermis with loosely arranged mesenchymal cells mixed with acellular pale esosinophilic material
|