Phenotypes for Atg7 Tg(Mx1-cre)1Cgn MGI:3590137 MGI Mouse

• disorganization of hepatic lobules and cell swelling

• occasionally observe vacuolated hepatic cells, indicating increased hepatic cell death

enlarged liver ( J:100199 )

• liver fills up most of the abdominal cavity

increased liver weight ( J:100199 , J:130839 )

• Cre- induction leads to increases in liver weight with total liver protein weight being twice that of controls (J:130839)

abnormal hepatocyte morphology ( J:100199 , J:130839 )

• hepatocytes lack typical glycogen area, contain aberrant concentric membranous structures that originate form the rough ER and surround various cytoplasmic constituents, and accumulate peroxisomes and deformed mitochondria (J:100199)

• accumulation of ubiquitin-positive inclusions in the cytoplasm (J:100199)

• cytoplasmic inclusion bodies that contain ubiquitinated proteins occur in the hepatocytes of mice expressing Cre (J:130839)

abnormal hepatocyte mitochondrial morphology ( J:100199 )

abnormal liver physiology ( J:100199 )

• autophagosome formation in the liver under fasting conditions is not induced in homozygotes

• fasting-induced degradation of cytosolic proteins and mitochondria in the liver does not occur as in controls

increased hepatocyte proliferation ( J:130839 )

• hepatocyte proliferation increases after Cre-induction

decreased liver function ( J:130839 )

• liver function is decreased after Cre-induction with increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) apparent in the serum

impaired autophagy ( J:130839 )

• the hepatocytes of mice expressing Cre have defects in autophagy leading to a build up of cytoplamsic inclusion bodies that contain ubiquitinated proteins

abnormal amino acid level ( J:100199 )

• lower concentration of amino acids in fasted hepatocytes

abnormal circulating enzyme level ( J:100199 )

increased circulating alanine transaminase level ( J:100199 , J:130839 )

• leakage of alanine transaminase (J:100199)

• very high levels of AST are found in the sera after Cre-induction due to liver failure (J:130839)

increased circulating alkaline phosphatase level ( J:100199 , J:130839 )

• leakage of alkaline phosphatase (J:100199)

• high levels of ALP are found in the sera after Cre-induction due to liver failure (J:130839)

increased circulating aspartate transaminase level ( J:100199 , J:130839 )

• leakage of aspartate transaminase (J:100199)