nervous system
• 52% of P13 mice and 57% of adult mice have enlarged lateral ventricles
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• area of the ipsilateral projection is increased compared to controls
• in some cases, multiple ectopic clusters of inputs are present in the medial areas of the LGN
• retinogeniculate axons, glomeruli and bouton appear normal
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• increase in size of excitatory presynaptic boutons
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• mice exhibit significantly fewer perforations at hippocampal synapses that wild-type
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• presynaptic nerve terminals contain 10% more synaptic vesicles than wild-type
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• LTP in response to tetanus is enhanced by approximately 227% as compared to wild type
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• 40% increase in frequency in hippocampal neurons
• 100% increase in frequency in layer 4 cortical neurons
• median amplitude is similar to wild-type in hippocampal and layer 4 neurons
• treatment with the neural activity blocker, Tetrodotoxin (TTX), does not increase mEPSC in mutant hippocampal cultures in contrast to increases in both amplitude and frequency observed in wild-type
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• 900 pulses at 1 Hz enhances baseline LTD, but LTD is unchanged in wild-type
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• 900 pulses at 0.5 Hz does not induce significant LTD in contrast to wild-type response
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