reproductive system
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• heterozygous males are fertile, produce a normal average litter size, and show no significant changes in sperm motility parameters and acrosome biogenesis relative to wild-type males
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• cauda epididymal sperm count is significantly lower than that in wild-type males
• however, the percentage of viable sperm is in the normal range
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• 50% of DAPI-stained sperm cells show abnormal nuclear morphology similar to that observed in Pfn3em1Hsc homozygous males
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cellular
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• cauda epididymal sperm count is significantly lower than that in wild-type males
• however, the percentage of viable sperm is in the normal range
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• 50% of DAPI-stained sperm cells show abnormal nuclear morphology similar to that observed in Pfn3em1Hsc homozygous males
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