Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• survival is extended past E13.5 to E18.5 by treatment of pregnant dams with isoproterenol and phenylephrine
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craniofacial
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• dysmorphic at E16.5
• at E13.5 there is a gap in the left Meckel's cartilage of varying length with the symphysis curved downward
• at E13.5 there is also a smaller gap in the right Meckel's cartilage
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• narrow jaw region at E18.5
• amount of proximal craniofacial bone present is asymmetric
• at E16.5 mandible and maxilla skew to the left side
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• upper and lower molar development appears to arrest at the early bud stage
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• mandibular condyles are absent
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• at E18.5
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• at E18.5 most of the proximal mandible is missing
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• evident at E16.5
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• at E18.5 most of the proximal maxilla is missing
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• at E16.5 the maxilla is present but hypoplastic
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micrognathia
(
J:310312
)
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• at E18.5
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• the distal mandible is fused to the maxilla
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• the jugal bone fails to extend posteriorly at E16.5, instead extending caudally and fusing with the mandible
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• dysmorphic
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• dysmorphic
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• dysmorphic
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• dysmorphic
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• at E13.5 palatal shelves are not apparent suggesting a delay in development
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• decrease in the number of mesenchymal cells at E9.5
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• asymmetric reduction in proximal craniofacial bone resembles microsomia
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• at E18.5
• distal microstomia is seen as early as E13.5
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• the distal oral cavity is almost completely closed with oral ectoderm at E16.5
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cleft palate
(
J:310312
)
|
• the right palatal shelf is not elevated and the left shelf is absent
|
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• hypoplastic with disorganized connective tissue and muscle fibers
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cellular
|
• expression analysis indicates that a subset of neural crest cells either fail to reach the arches or have disrupted expression patterns
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nervous system
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• most of the maxillary branch is absent
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• abnormal branching
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embryo
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• expression analysis indicates that a subset of neural crest cells either fail to reach the arches or have disrupted expression patterns
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• decrease in the number of mesenchymal cells at E9.5
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hearing/vestibular/ear
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• dysmorphic
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• dysmorphic
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• dysmorphic
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• dysmorphic
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• dysmorphic
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digestive/alimentary system
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• at E13.5 palatal shelves are not apparent suggesting a delay in development
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cleft palate
(
J:310312
)
|
• the right palatal shelf is not elevated and the left shelf is absent
|
|
• hypoplastic with disorganized connective tissue and muscle fibers
|
growth/size/body
|
• upper and lower molar development appears to arrest at the early bud stage
|
|
• at E13.5 palatal shelves are not apparent suggesting a delay in development
|
|
• asymmetric reduction in proximal craniofacial bone resembles microsomia
|
|
• at E18.5
• distal microstomia is seen as early as E13.5
|
|
• the distal oral cavity is almost completely closed with oral ectoderm at E16.5
|
cleft palate
(
J:310312
)
|
• the right palatal shelf is not elevated and the left shelf is absent
|
|
• hypoplastic with disorganized connective tissue and muscle fibers
|
skeleton
|
• dysmorphic at E16.5
• at E13.5 there is a gap in the left Meckel's cartilage of varying length with the symphysis curved downward
• at E13.5 there is also a smaller gap in the right Meckel's cartilage
|
|
• narrow jaw region at E18.5
• amount of proximal craniofacial bone present is asymmetric
• at E16.5 mandible and maxilla skew to the left side
|
|
• upper and lower molar development appears to arrest at the early bud stage
|
|
• mandibular condyles are absent
|
|
• at E18.5
|
|
• at E18.5 most of the proximal mandible is missing
|
|
• evident at E16.5
|
|
• at E18.5 most of the proximal maxilla is missing
|
|
• at E16.5 the maxilla is present but hypoplastic
|
micrognathia
(
J:310312
)
|
• at E18.5
|
|
• the distal mandible is fused to the maxilla
|
|
• the jugal bone fails to extend posteriorly at E16.5, instead extending caudally and fusing with the mandible
|
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• dysmorphic
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• dysmorphic
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• dysmorphic
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• dysmorphic
|
