mortality/aging
• retarded and malformed embryos die by E9.5
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embryo
• high frequency of twinning; twins are usually in separate yolk sacs and combinations of normal-normal, normal-mutant, and mutant-mutant are found
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• exhibit a defect in the ectoderm at E7.25, with the appearance of rounded, crowded, granular cells in the region anterior to the primitive streak and by E8, the lesion has spread along the ectoderm and contains many dead and dying cells
• ectoderm is uneven in thickness throughout the -circumference
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• amniotic cavity fails to elongate properly
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reproductive system
• twins are usually in separate yolk sacs in combinations of normal-normal, normal-mutant and mutamt-mutant
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