hearing/vestibular/ear
small ears
(
J:13091
)
growth/size/body
small ears
(
J:13091
)
• shorter total length, body length, tail length and psv length
|
skeleton
small cranium
(
J:13091
)
• the lesser cornua of the hyoid bone is reduced
|
absent ulna
(
J:13091
)
• Background Sensitivity: ulnar sesamoid bone is nearly always absent on the Ab background and is reduced in size on the C background
|
short ulna
(
J:13091
)
• ulna is shorter in males
|
• medial sesamoid bone of the distal end of the femur is reduced in size
|
• peroneal process of fibula is reduced in size or is absent
|
• curvature of tibia is much less pronounced than in controls
|
• larygeal cartilage have a less dense appearance
|
• size is reduced
|
• size is reduced
|
• thinner long bones except for ulna in females
|
• humerus width is reduced in both sexes
|
• longer long bones except for ulna in males
|
long humerus
(
J:13091
)
• the length is longer in females but not males
|
long tibia
(
J:13091
)
• Background Sensitivity: about 12% have the 4th and 5th sternebrae fused to give only 4 sternebrae anterior to the xiphisternum
• the omosternum is either absent or very small
|
• the 13th pair of ribs is incompletely developed
|
• 35% of homozygotes have no 13th rib
|
• Background Sensitivity: number of sacral and caudal vertebrae is reduced at 30 days of age but not at 3 months of age on the Ab background and no differences are observed on the C background
|
• size of the dorsal spine of the 2nd thoracic vertebra is variable
|
• Background Sensitivity: inferior lamella of the 6th cervical vertebra is usually absent on the Ab background and sometimes absent on the C background
|
• size of the dorsal spine of the 2nd thoracic vertebra is variable
|
limbs/digits/tail
• humerus width is reduced in both sexes
|
long humerus
(
J:13091
)
• the length is longer in females but not males
|
absent ulna
(
J:13091
)
• Background Sensitivity: ulnar sesamoid bone is nearly always absent on the Ab background and is reduced in size on the C background
|
short ulna
(
J:13091
)
• ulna is shorter in males
|
• medial sesamoid bone of the distal end of the femur is reduced in size
|
• peroneal process of fibula is reduced in size or is absent
|
• curvature of tibia is much less pronounced than in controls
|
long tibia
(
J:13091
)
short tail
(
J:13091
)
liver/biliary system
renal/urinary system
• kidneys often have two or more papillae
|
• varying degrees of hydronephrosis
|
respiratory system
• certain fenestrae of the larynx are larger
|
• larygeal cartilage have a less dense appearance
|
• size is reduced
|
• size is reduced
|
craniofacial
small cranium
(
J:13091
)
• the lesser cornua of the hyoid bone is reduced
|
small ears
(
J:13091
)