mortality/aging
• Background Sensitivity: homozygotes seldom survive beyond E14.5 on this background
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• at E13.5, embryos lack mammary bud 3
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• mammary line formation is impaired
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respiratory system
• reduced width but not length in left lobe
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• accessory lobe reduced in both width and length
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• reduced width but not length in right caudal lobe
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• right medial lobe of lung sometimes varies in shape
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small lung
(
J:42454
)
• lungs small in all homozygotes from E11.5 onward
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• about 35% less than weights of littermate controls
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embryo
• consistently larger in size than control littermates
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• stratum intermedium is absent in mutants at E11.5
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homeostasis/metabolism
growth/size/body
• consistently larger in size than control littermates
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craniofacial
• synostosis of the lambdoid sutures
• the sutural mesenchyme between the parietal and interparietal bones is thicker at E16.5, just before the occurrence of synostosis
• marker analysis indicates ectopic osteoblast differentiation in lambdoid sutures
• cell proliferation in the lambdoid sutures is increased at E16.5
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• interfrontal suture is initially widened
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• sagittal suture is initially widened
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• calvaria is domed shaped and rectangular with an acute angle between the frontal or nasal bones
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nervous system
• interfrontal and sagittal sutures are initially widened resulting in an expanded forebrain
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skeleton
• synostosis of the lambdoid sutures
• the sutural mesenchyme between the parietal and interparietal bones is thicker at E16.5, just before the occurrence of synostosis
• marker analysis indicates ectopic osteoblast differentiation in lambdoid sutures
• cell proliferation in the lambdoid sutures is increased at E16.5
|
• interfrontal suture is initially widened
|
• sagittal suture is initially widened
|
• calvaria is domed shaped and rectangular with an acute angle between the frontal or nasal bones
|
• mutants exhibit bilateral premature fusion of the parietal and interparietal bones across the lambdoid sutures at E18.5; suture fuses between E16.5 and E18.5
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integument
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• at E13.5, embryos lack mammary bud 3
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• mammary line formation is impaired
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• in E12.5 embryos, cells of the stratum germinativum are cylindrical, slightly enlarged along the width of the mammary line and covered with periderm
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