Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• only 25% of mutants survive to weaning; infrequently a mouse survives to breeding age and is fertile
(J:5862)
• severely affected homozygotes die within the first 2 weeks after birth
(J:65322)
• less severely affected mutants may survive to weaning or to adulthood and may be fertile
(J:65322)
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growth/size/body
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• at 10 days of age, the posterior portion of the tongue is depressed and the soft palate is elevated making a small cavity not found in control mice
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• at 10 days of age, the posterior portion of the tongue is depressed and the soft palate is elevated making a small cavity not found in control mice
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• at 4-15 days of age, all bradypneic mutants contain significant amounts of gas in the small and large intestines
(J:5862)
• gas is not always present in the stomach of bradypneic mutant mice at 4-15 days of age; however, when present, it is usually found in large amounts
(J:5862)
• the stomach and intestines are filled with large amounts of gas
(J:65322)
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• homozygotes appear runted starting at ~5 days after birth
• occasionally, less severely runted mutants survive to adulthood; these often attain a nearly normal size and are usually fertile
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• by 7-10 days after birth, most surviving homozygotes weigh only ~50% or less than wild-type littermates
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• homozygotes display variable weight retardation starting at 3-5 days after birth
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• homozygotes that are either moribund or dead at preweaning stages usually display severe emaciation
• however, occasionally, presumed mutant mice appear to have died at 1 to 2 weeks of age in an apparently healthy condition
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respiratory system
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• by 23 days of age, mutant lungs display significant flattening of the alveoli and expansion of the alveolar ducts relative to control lungs
(J:5862)
• mutant lungs appear somewhat emphysematous
(J:65322)
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• starting at 10 days of age, all bradypneic homozygotes display a ~50% reduction in breathing frequency relative to heterozygous controls (measured as 130 vs 264 breaths/min, respectively, at 4 weeks of age)
(J:5862)
• polygraph recordings indicate that mutant mice breathe more deeply than control mice; however, sniffing rates are within the normal range
(J:5862)
• at 3 weeks of age or later, surviving homozygotes breathe at half the normal rate (bradypneic) but breathing is deeper
(J:65322)
• however, oxygen consumption per unit of body surface, blood pH, and blood CO2 capacity are normal
(J:65322)
• no obstruction is detected in the nasal passages, larynx, trachea or bronchi
(J:65322)
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digestive/alimentary system
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• at 10 days of age, the posterior portion of the tongue is depressed and the soft palate is elevated making a small cavity not found in control mice
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• at 10 days of age, the posterior portion of the tongue is depressed and the soft palate is elevated making a small cavity not found in control mice
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• at 4-15 days of age, all bradypneic mutants contain significant amounts of gas in the small and large intestines
(J:5862)
• gas is not always present in the stomach of bradypneic mutant mice at 4-15 days of age; however, when present, it is usually found in large amounts
(J:5862)
• the stomach and intestines are filled with large amounts of gas
(J:65322)
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renal/urinary system
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• at 4-29 days of age, all mutant mice exhibit moderate or severe dilation of many of the distal convoluted renal tubules
(J:5862)
• however, all proximal tubules, collecting tubules, and glomeruli appear normal
(J:5862)
• some of the distal renal tubules appear dilated
(J:65322)
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cardiovascular system
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• at 10 days of age, the right atrium is enlarged, probably as a result of emphysematous changes
(J:5862)
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craniofacial
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• at 10 days of age, the posterior portion of the tongue is depressed and the soft palate is elevated making a small cavity not found in control mice
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• at 10 days of age, the posterior portion of the tongue is depressed and the soft palate is elevated making a small cavity not found in control mice
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