limbs/digits/tail
• homozygotes show striking abnormalities of the autopod (manus and pes)
|
brachypodia
(
J:31930
)
• homozygotes exhibit brachypodism, as shown by X-ray photographs of the hindlimbs
|
• either the middle or proximal phalanx is usually lost
|
• mutant phalanges excluding the terminal one appear underdeveloped
|
short humerus
(
J:31930
)
short radius
(
J:31930
)
short ulna
(
J:31930
)
short femur
(
J:31930
)
short fibula
(
J:31930
)
short tibia
(
J:31930
)
• homozygotes show a modest reduction in the stylopod and zeugopod relative to wild-type controls
|
short limbs
(
J:31930
)
• homozygotes display shortening of all four limbs
|
growth/size/body
• at birth, homozygotes display reduced body weights relative to heterozygous controls
|
• homozygotes display a progressive reduction in body weight relative to heterozygous controls
(J:31930)
• at P40 and P60, homozygotes of both sexes are significantly lighter than wild-type controls
(J:124813)
|
skeleton
• either the middle or proximal phalanx is usually lost
|
• homozygotes display a modest size reduction in the long bones of the extremities relative to wild-type controls
|
• mutant phalanges excluding the terminal one appear underdeveloped
|
short humerus
(
J:31930
)
short radius
(
J:31930
)
short ulna
(
J:31930
)
short femur
(
J:31930
)
short fibula
(
J:31930
)
short tibia
(
J:31930
)
reproductive system
• homozygotes produce significantly fewer live born pups per litter relative to wild-type controls (5.3 +/- 1.7 vs 6.4 +/- 2.2, respectively)
|