Analysis Tools
adipose tissue
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• percentage of total body fat is reduced by half
• however, lean body mass is comparable to wild-type mice
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pigmentation
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• melanocyte pigments in hair follicles change in color from black to light brown
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endocrine/exocrine glands
growth/size/body
weight loss
(
J:93038
)
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• lower body weight than controls, with difference increasing progressively with age
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cardiovascular system
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• in the heart, blood vessels are distorted and the amount of elastic fibers are reduced in the aorta, large arteries, muscular arteries and veins
• the walls of blood vessels appear thinner
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• cardiac muscle fibers appear disoriented
|
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• multifocal myocardial degeneration is observed in the heart
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hematopoietic system
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• bone marrow shows diffused hyperplasia
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• in the trabeculae of the spleen, numerous macrophages loaded with hemosiderin granules are seen
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homeostasis/metabolism
immune system
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• in the trabeculae of the spleen, numerous macrophages loaded with hemosiderin granules are seen
|
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• in the liver, numerous erythrocytes, lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and enlarged Kupffer cells are seen in the hepatic sinusoids
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dermatitis
(
J:93038
)
|
• locally extensive granulation tissue formations are seen in the skin with neutrophilic, mastocytic, and lymphoplasmacytic dermatitis
|
liver/biliary system
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• in the liver, numerous erythrocytes, lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and enlarged Kupffer cells are seen in the hepatic sinusoids
|
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• reduction in the amount of lipids and lipid droplet size in the liver of fasting mice
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muscle
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• cardiac muscle fibers appear disoriented
|
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• multifocal myocardial degeneration is observed in the heart
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behavior/neurological
 |
• pups, irregardless of genotype, show a lower rate of survival when nursed by homozygotes compared to heterozygous females, indicating that homozygous females have abnormalities in nurturing pups
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skeleton
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• femurs do not exhibit the basophilic amorphous deposit in the bone matrix along the marrow cavity as is found in wild-type, indicating loss of calcium in the bone
|
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• 9% reduction in total bone mineral density
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integument
dermatitis
(
J:93038
)
|
• locally extensive granulation tissue formations are seen in the skin with neutrophilic, mastocytic, and lymphoplasmacytic dermatitis
|
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• hair becomes clumpy over time
|
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• melanocyte pigments in hair follicles change in color from black to light brown
|
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• fully penetrant, early-onset hair loss, seen first around 2 weeks of age as uniform thinning of the fur
(J:81166)
• exhibit fragments of free hair shafts in the deep dermis with a foreign body giant-cell reaction
(J:81166)
• the hair grows back when the follicles enter anagen phase and is lost again during catagen and/or telogen
(J:93038)
|
brittle hair
(
J:81166
)
|
• hair becomes brittle over time
|
rough coat
(
J:81166
)
|
• unkempt fur
(J:13444)
|
greasy coat
(
J:81166
)
|
• hair becomes oily over time
|
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• display abnormal and dilated hair follicles that contain amorphous material
|
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• decrease in the number of follicles, with fibrosis, pigment incontinence and increased mast cells
|
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• adult skin shows moderate to marked follicular atrophy with epidermal ulceration on the ventral neck and trunk
|
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• increase in the number of regressing (catagen) hairs in the areas of alopecia
|
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• reduced amount of collagen and elastin in the skin
|
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• in the skin, within the papillary layer of the dermis, collagen and elastic fibers appear thinner and disorganized
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• reticular layer is thinner and replaced by an adipose layer
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• in hairless areas, the epidermis becomes hyperplastic
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skin lesions
(
J:93038
)
|
• skin lesions are observed in which the dermis is infiltrated by leukocytes
|
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• skin shows epidermal ulceration on the ventral neck and trunk
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skin fibrosis
(
J:81166
)
|
• fibrosis in the dermis
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