mortality/aging
• defects in the lumbo-sacral region can result in a narrowed pelvis and thus obstructed labor in about 10% of homozytgotes
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• reduced postnatal survival may be seen as a result of damage to the spinal cord
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behavior/neurological
• hindlimb paralysis is seen in 5-10% of mutants probably as a result of a defect in the vertebral column resulting in compression of the spinal cord
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cardiovascular system
• vessels in the tail are enlarged and a blood filled bleb can be found at the end of the tail derived from dilated blood vessels by the dissolution of the endothelial lining
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embryo
• in the area lacking the notochord the neural tube does not develop the normal thin floor plate but instead maintains a uniform thickness throughout the ventral wall
• abnormal floor plate morphology is confined to those regions where the notochord is absent
• at E13-14 in areas lacking a notochord the basal lamina fuse to form a single, unpaired motor column
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• at about E9 failure of the notochord to grow caudally is seen and becomes more noticeable with age
• separate segments of the notochord may develop caudal of the initial truncation
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• beneath the abnormal floor plate the left and right somites fuse across the mid-line
• degeneration of somites is also seen in the tail
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limbs/digits/tail
• loss of one or more vertebrae can produce constrictions in the tail
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short tail
(
J:12146
)
• variable tail length often half the normal length with one or more constrictions along the length of the tail
• the constrictions in the tail contain only connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerve fibers
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skeleton
• vertebrae adjacent to missing vertebrae are malformed with reduced growth, irregular contours and processes
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• loss of one or more vertebrae can produce constrictions in the tail
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• a cranial shift in the lumbo-sacral border along with fewer lumbar vertebrae (4 instead of 6) is seen in some mutants (5 out of 48)
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• vertebral bodies are reduced in height and often fused
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• degeneration of the sclerotome is seen is areas where the notochord is absent
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nervous system
• in the area lacking the notochord the neural tube does not develop the normal thin floor plate but instead maintains a uniform thickness throughout the ventral wall
• abnormal floor plate morphology is confined to those regions where the notochord is absent
• at E13-14 in areas lacking a notochord the basal lamina fuse to form a single, unpaired motor column
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• the spinal ganglia are occasionally displaced ventrally and may be fused to each other
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