Phenotypes associated with this allele

• Allele Symbol: Drd1^tm1Jcd
• Allele Name: targeted mutation 1, John Drago
• Allele ID: MGI:1857158
• Summary: 9 genotypes

Jump to	Allelic Composition	Genetic Background	Genotype ID
hm1	Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^tm1Jcd	B6.129S4-Drd1^tm1Jcd	MGI:4839991
hm2	Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^tm1Jcd	B6.129S4-Drd1^tm1Jcd/J	MGI:4429958
hm3	Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^tm1Jcd	involves: 129S4/SvJae	MGI:3621562
hm4	Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^tm1Jcd	involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6	MGI:3621561
ht5	Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^+	involves: 129S4/SvJae	MGI:3621563
cx6	Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^tm1Jcd Drd2^tm1Ebo/Drd2^tm1Ebo	involves: 129S2/SvPas * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6	MGI:4440949
cx7	Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^tm1Jcd Drd2^tm1Ebo/Drd2^+	involves: 129S2/SvPas * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6	MGI:4440953
cx8	Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^+ Drd2^tm1Ebo/Drd2^tm1Ebo	involves: 129S2/SvPas * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6	MGI:4441067
cx9	Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^tm1Jcd Drd3^tm1Dac/Drd3^tm1Dac	involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6	MGI:4839955

Genotype
MGI:4839991

hm1

• Allelic Composition: Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^tm1Jcd
• Genetic Background: B6.129S4-Drd1^tm1Jcd

• ♀: phenotype observed in females
• ♂: phenotype observed in males
• N: normal phenotype

behavior/neurological

increased startle reflex ( J:154428 )

• mice exhibit increased acoustic startle response amplitude compared with wild-type mice

Genotype
MGI:4429958

hm2

• Allelic Composition: Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^tm1Jcd
• Genetic Background: B6.129S4-Drd1^tm1Jcd/J

mortality/aging

decreased susceptibility to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality ( J:137069 )

• 7% of methamphetamine-treated mice die compared with 27% of similarly treated wild-type mice

homeostasis/metabolism

decreased response to stress-induced hyperthermia ( J:137069 )

• methamphetamine-treated mice exhibit less of an increase in body temperature compared with similarly treated wild-type mice

decreased susceptibility to xenobiotic induced morbidity/mortality ( J:137069 )

• 7% of methamphetamine-treated mice die compared with 27% of similarly treated wild-type mice

decreased physiological sensitivity to xenobiotic ( J:137069 )

• methamphetamine-treated mice exhibit less of an increase in body temperature compared with similarly treated wild-type mice

vision/eye

abnormal eye electrophysiology ( J:185955 )

• baseline amplitude of the light-adapted electroretinographic response is reduced

abnormal vision ( J:185955 )

• visual acuity is reduced

• small increase in contrast sensitivity at high spatial frequencies

behavior/neurological

decreased response to stress-induced hyperthermia ( J:137069 )

• methamphetamine-treated mice exhibit less of an increase in body temperature compared with similarly treated wild-type mice

Genotype
MGI:3621562

hm3

• Allelic Composition: Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^tm1Jcd
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S4/SvJae

behavior/neurological

abnormal passive avoidance behavior ( J:67395 )

• 3-5 month old nulls maintain enhanced step-through latencies for up to 45 days post shock-conditioning

• after confinement for 1 minute to the shock-paired chamber, null mice show less of a decline in latency to enter the conditioning chamber compared to wild-type

abnormal contextual conditioning behavior ( J:67395 )

• 3-5 month old mice exhibit delayed extinction of conditioned fear responses compared to wild-type; mice display normal acquisition of contextual fear conditioning; null mice do not show a decline in freeaing responses over three days as do the wild-type; a significantly higher her percentage of contextual freezing responses is observed for up to 90 days

abnormal inhibitory learning ( J:102603 )

• on reversal trials with the platform in a new location, null animals have longer escape latencies than control over the course of 12 trials

abnormal spatial learning ( J:102600 , J:102603 )

• in a Morris water maze (J:102600)

• 3-5 month old null mice exhibit a spatial learning deficit as shown by longer latencies to locate a hidden platform in the initial acquisition phase (J:102603)

• in the first probe trial with an absent platform conducted 24 hours after the acquisiton trials, null mice display less selective searching behavior for an absent platform and less time in the target quadrant (40% for control, 27% for nulls); on reversal trials with the platform in a new location, null animals have longer escape latencies than control over the course of 12 trials (J:102603)

• in a second probe trial with the platform removed, the time spent in the target quadrant by null mice is 31% compared to 50% by controls and had a reduced number of annulus crossings through the former location of the platform (J:102603)

• in trials with a visual cue of the platform location, null mice showed longer escape latencies during trials 4-12, then showed similar performance to conrols (J:102603)

behavioral despair ( J:102600 )

• mice tend to float in the water instead of swimming compared with wild-type mice

increased thigmotaxis ( J:102600 )

• in the water

impaired coordination ( J:102600 )

• compared with wild-type mice

decreased vertical activity ( J:102600 )

decreased locomotor activity ( J:102600 )

• in an open field compared with wild-type mice

nervous system

abnormal neuronal migration ( J:121219 )

• at E15, fewer neurons enter the cerebral wall compared to in wild-type mice

loss of GABAergic neurons ( J:121219 )

• at E15, the number of GABA+ cells is decreased 25% in the presumptive medial prefrontal cortex compared to in wild-type mice

• at E15, GABA+ cell density is decreased in the intermediate zone 48% compared to in wild-type mice

• at E15, GABA+ cell density in the ventral zone/subventricular zone is decreased 53% compared to in wild-type mice

• however, the numbers of GABA+ cells in the marginal zone and subplate/cortical plate are normal

growth/size/body

decreased body size ( J:67395 , J:102603 )

• nulls are 20-30% smaller than heterozygotes or wild-type (J:67395)

cellular

abnormal neuronal migration ( J:121219 )

• at E15, fewer neurons enter the cerebral wall compared to in wild-type mice

Genotype
MGI:3621561

hm4

• Allelic Composition: Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^tm1Jcd
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6

mortality/aging

premature death ( J:22076 )

• majority of mice die within 1 week after weaning unless given hydrated food

behavior/neurological

hunched posture ( J:22076 )

• by weaning, mice have hunched posture

decreased vertical activity ( J:22076 )

• 5-6 week old mutants exhibit significantly fewer rearing events than wild-type

growth/size/body

decreased body weight ( J:22076 )

• mice that are separated from heterozygous and wild-type littermates fed moistened lab chow appear healthy but only gain 70% of weight that sex-matched littermates reach by 6 weeks of age

postnatal growth retardation ( J:22076 )

• mice are normal with respect to wild-type up to 2 weeks of age, but are significantly growth retarded by weaning age; mice appear sickly and majority do not gain weight

integument

disheveled coat ( J:22076 )

• by weaning, mice have poorly groomed coat

Genotype
MGI:3621563

ht5

• Allelic Composition: Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S4/SvJae

behavior/neurological

abnormal passive avoidance behavior ( J:67395 )

• after confinement for 1 minute to the shock-paired chamber, 3 to 5 month old heterozygous mice show less of a decline in latency to enter the conditioning chamber compared to wild-type

abnormal contextual conditioning behavior ( J:67395 )

• 3-5 month old mice exhibit delayed extinction of conditioned fear responses compared to wild-type; mice display normal acquisition of contextual fear conditioning; null mice do not show a decline in freeaing responses over three days as do the wild-type; a significantly higher her percentage of contextual freezing responses is observed for up to 90 days

Genotype
MGI:4440949

cx6

• Allelic Composition: Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^tm1Jcd; Drd2^tm1Ebo/Drd2^tm1Ebo
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S2/SvPas * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6

mortality/aging

postnatal lethality, complete penetrance ( J:91781 )

• double homozygotes die during the second or third week of life, with none surviving beyond postnatal day 18 (P18)

growth/size/body

decreased body size ( J:91781 )

• double homozygotes appear runted at P11

postnatal growth retardation ( J:91781 )

• double homozygotes fail to thrive after P7-P10

behavior/neurological

aphagia ( J:91781 )

• double homozygotes cease feeding during postnatal development

• hand-feeding initiated at P11 fails to extend survival beyond P15

absent gastric milk in neonates ( J:91781 )

• only traces of milk are detected in double mutant stomachs

decreased locomotor activity ( J:91781 )

• growth arrest is followed by significant hypoactivity

nervous system

nervous system phenotype ( J:91781 )

N • double homozygotes display normal brain morphology and development of dopaminergic and striatal neurons

abnormal hypothalamus physiology ( J:91781 )

• expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AGRP) is increased by 3- and 2-fold, respectively, in the arcuate nuclei of double mutant mice

• in contrast, orexin expression in the lateral hypothalamic area is decreased by 40% relative to that in wild-type controls

cardiovascular system

gastrointestinal hemorrhage ( J:91781 )

• at 7-15 days of age, 5 of 45 double homozygotes display hemorrhage in the digestive tract

digestive/alimentary system

abnormal digestive system development ( J:91781 )

• double homozygotes display abnormal development and/or function of the digestive tract

abnormal intestine morphology ( J:91781 )

• double homozygotes show a reduction in intestinal diameter relative to wild-type controls

abnormal intestinal smooth muscle morphology ( J:91781 )

• double homozygotes exhibit poorly formed intestinal smooth muscle cell layers

abnormal digestive system physiology ( J:91781 )

• double homozygotes lack well formed feces in the colon and rectum, suggesting dysregulation of GI motility and water absorption from the large bowel

gastrointestinal hemorrhage ( J:91781 )

• at 7-15 days of age, 5 of 45 double homozygotes display hemorrhage in the digestive tract

muscle

abnormal intestinal smooth muscle morphology ( J:91781 )

• double homozygotes exhibit poorly formed intestinal smooth muscle cell layers

Genotype
MGI:4440953

cx7

• Allelic Composition: Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^tm1Jcd; Drd2^tm1Ebo/Drd2⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S2/SvPas * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6

mortality/aging

premature death ( J:91781 )

• when fed a semiliquid diet, 86% of mutantss survive to P25 and 69% survive to P50

• mutant mice do not survive the postweaning period unless given highly hydrated food

• when fed a normal breeder diet, only 50% of mutants survive to P25 but none survive to P50

• however, when the semiliquid feeding regimen is discontinued, mutant mice lose weight and eventually die within 2-3 days

growth/size/body

postnatal growth retardation ( J:91781 )

• mutant mice fed a normal breeder diet fail to thrive after weaning whereas those fed a semiliquid diet grow at a significantly reduced rate relative to wild-type controls

behavior/neurological

abnormal eating behavior ( J:91781 )

digestive/alimentary system

gastrointestinal hemorrhage ( J:91781 )

• at 21 days of age, mutant mice fed with a normal breeder diet display hemorrhages in the digestive tract

intestinal ulcer ( J:91781 )

• mutant mice fed a normal breeder diet display multiple chronic small intestine ulcers accompanied by intense hemorrhage

• however, no ulcers or intense hemorrhage are observed when mutant mice are fed a semiliquid diet

abnormal duodenum morphology ( J:91781 )

• mutant mice fed with breeder diet display a severe villous atrophy in the duodenum

• lethal ulcerations appear to be prevented by a semiliquid diet

abnormal stomach morphology ( J:91781 )

• no food is ever found in mutant stomachs despite food ingestion

small intestinal inflammation ( J:91781 )

• mutant mice fed a normal breeder diet display severe ulcerative jejunoileitis, characterized by multiple chronic small intestine ulcers and bleeding

• histological changes are pronounced in the duodenum and upper jejunum, less prominent in the lower jejunum, and nearly absent in the ileum

immune system

small intestinal inflammation ( J:91781 )

• mutant mice fed a normal breeder diet display severe ulcerative jejunoileitis, characterized by multiple chronic small intestine ulcers and bleeding

• histological changes are pronounced in the duodenum and upper jejunum, less prominent in the lower jejunum, and nearly absent in the ileum

cardiovascular system

gastrointestinal hemorrhage ( J:91781 )

• at 21 days of age, mutant mice fed with a normal breeder diet display hemorrhages in the digestive tract

Genotype
MGI:4441067

cx8

• Allelic Composition: Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1⁺; Drd2^tm1Ebo/Drd2^tm1Ebo
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S2/SvPas * 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6

mortality/aging

mortality/aging ( J:91781 )

N • mutant mice are viable and able to reach adulthood

Genotype
MGI:4839955

cx9

• Allelic Composition: Drd1^tm1Jcd/Drd1^tm1Jcd; Drd3^tm1Dac/Drd3^tm1Dac
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S4/SvJae * C57BL/6

behavior/neurological

behavior/neurological phenotype ( J:102600 )

N • mice exhibit normal numbers of entries into the open arms of an elevated plus maze compared with wild-type mice

abnormal spatial learning ( J:102600 )

• in a Morris water maze

behavioral despair ( J:102600 )

• mice tend to float in the water instead of swimming compared with wild-type mice

increased thigmotaxis ( J:102600 )

• in the water

impaired coordination ( J:102600 )

• compared with wild-type mice

impaired swimming ( J:102600 )

• mice exhibit lower swim speed compared with wild-type mice

decreased vertical activity ( J:102600 )

decreased locomotor activity ( J:102600 )

• in an open field compared with wild-type mice

growth/size/body

decreased body size ( J:102600 )