Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• about 50% die at around E11 with failure of allantois-chorion fusion
• about 50% die around E12.5 with cardiac defects, although a few survive up to E14.5
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embryo
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• about half of the embryos exhibit allantois defects between E9.5 and E11.5
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• allantois has an abnormal balloon shape
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• placenta lacks the allantoic component at E9.5 and as a result, the placenta does not form a connection with the embryo
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• failure of fusion of the allantois with the chorion
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cardiovascular system
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• the 50% of embryos that survive past E11.5 develop cardiac abnormalities between E11.5 and E14.5 but do not have allantois defects
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• epicardium is missing on the entire ventricular surface and on part of the atrial surface at E11.5, but not at E10.5
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• coronary vessels at the atrioventricular sulcus region are absent
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• cardiac hemorrhage
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craniofacial
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• embryos with cardiac defects exhibit abnormalities in the cranial and facial structures
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