nervous system
• areas of the epithelium of the tongue lack innervation and the filiform papillae are sparsely innervated
• the axons in the tongue display reduced branching and smaller terminal arbors
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• like wild-type neurons, cultured superior cervical ganglion neurons are resistant to apoptosis induced by pro-NGF and pro-BDNF
• the number of sympathetic neurons is increased 33% at P4 and 39% at P15 compared to in wild-type mice
• at 60 weeks sympathetic neuron cell bodies are 25% smaller than in wild-type mice
• unlike in wild-type mice, superior cervical ganglion are protected from age-related apoptosis
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• peripheral nerves in the hindlimb, forelimb, and trigeminal ganglia are severely stunted compared to in wild-type mice
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• growth cones from dorsal root ganglion neurons are more sensitive to Sema3A repulsion than wild-type neurons
• when treated with 15 pM Sema3A outgrowth rate inhibition is increased (15 um per hour compared to 35 um per hour for wild-type neurons)
• however, increased sensitivity to Sema3A repulsion is alleviated in a double heterozygote cross of Ngfr and Sema3A
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• innervation of the somatosensory prominences is reduced
• innervation of the fungiform papillae are reduced
• at P0 there are 35% fewer geniculate ganglion neurons that supply taste neurons to the fungiform papillae in homozygotes compared to wild-type mice
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• the number of sympathetic neurons is increased 33% at P4 and 39% at P15 compared to in wild-type mice
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• after 2 weeks of light exposure, the number of rows of photoreceptors is 4.6+/-0.31 rows compared to 2.3+/-0.25 in wild-type mice and 21.2+/-0.25 in homozygous mice
• after 3 weeks of light exposure, the number of rows of photoreceptors is 3.0+/-0.41 rows compared to 1.5+/-0.24 in wild-type mice and 0.9+/-0.28 in homozygous mice
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digestive/alimentary system
• at P7 the gustatory epithelium of the vallate trench is thicker than normal blocking direct access of the ectopic tastse buds in the trench to taste solutions
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• the vallate papilla is deformed and small in neonatal mutants
• at P7 the vallate trench is only 60% as deep as in wild-type mice
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• at P7 homozygous mice have 26% fewer vallate taste buds than wild-type mice
• homozygous mice have fewer fungiform taste buds than wild-type mice
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cardiovascular system
• after 3 weeks in culture hepatic stellate cells are in a quiescent state and are less differentiated than in wild-type mice
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• formation of neointimal lesions is enhanced 2 and 4 weeks after ligation compared to in wild-type mice such that there is a 2- to 4-fold increase in intimal to medial ratio at 500 um and 1.0 mm proximal to the ligation
• however, infiltration of inflammatory cells is normal
• apoptosis in neointimal lesions is decreased by 60% to 70%
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taste/olfaction
• at P7 homozygous mice have 26% fewer vallate taste buds than wild-type mice
• homozygous mice have fewer fungiform taste buds than wild-type mice
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immune system
• after 3 weeks in culture hepatic stellate cells are in a quiescent state and are less differentiated than in wild-type mice
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• mice have an increased risk of developing severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis compared to wild-type mice
• B220+ B cells make up 6% of cells in the inflammatory cuffs compared to 15% in wild-type mice immunized with MOG35-55
• the population of Iba-1+ cells in the inflammatory cuffs is reduced by 10% compared to in wild-type mice immunized with MOG35-55
• polymorphonuclear cells are reduced by half compared to in wild-type mice immunized with MOG35-55
• microglial/macrophage and neutrophil numbers in the inflammatory infiltrate are reduced 68% to 40% while the size of the inflitratory cuffs is normal or even larger than in wild-type mice
• however, the number of double-positive (monocyte) cells is normal
• mice display considerable infiltration of fibronectin into the spinal cord parenchyma
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homeostasis/metabolism
• formation of neointimal lesions is enhanced 2 and 4 weeks after ligation compared to in wild-type mice such that there is a 2- to 4-fold increase in intimal to medial ratio at 500 um and 1.0 mm proximal to the ligation
• however, infiltration of inflammatory cells is normal
• apoptosis in neointimal lesions is decreased by 60% to 70%
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liver/biliary system
• after 3 weeks in culture hepatic stellate cells are in a quiescent state and are less differentiated than in wild-type mice
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vision/eye
• after 2 weeks of light exposure, the number of rows of photoreceptors is 4.6+/-0.31 rows compared to 2.3+/-0.25 in wild-type mice and 21.2+/-0.25 in homozygous mice
• after 3 weeks of light exposure, the number of rows of photoreceptors is 3.0+/-0.41 rows compared to 1.5+/-0.24 in wild-type mice and 0.9+/-0.28 in homozygous mice
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hematopoietic system
• after 3 weeks in culture hepatic stellate cells are in a quiescent state and are less differentiated than in wild-type mice
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craniofacial
• at P7 the gustatory epithelium of the vallate trench is thicker than normal blocking direct access of the ectopic tastse buds in the trench to taste solutions
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• the vallate papilla is deformed and small in neonatal mutants
• at P7 the vallate trench is only 60% as deep as in wild-type mice
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• at P7 homozygous mice have 26% fewer vallate taste buds than wild-type mice
• homozygous mice have fewer fungiform taste buds than wild-type mice
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cellular
• peripheral nerves in the hindlimb, forelimb, and trigeminal ganglia are severely stunted compared to in wild-type mice
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• growth cones from dorsal root ganglion neurons are more sensitive to Sema3A repulsion than wild-type neurons
• when treated with 15 pM Sema3A outgrowth rate inhibition is increased (15 um per hour compared to 35 um per hour for wild-type neurons)
• however, increased sensitivity to Sema3A repulsion is alleviated in a double heterozygote cross of Ngfr and Sema3A
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growth/size/body
• at P7 the gustatory epithelium of the vallate trench is thicker than normal blocking direct access of the ectopic tastse buds in the trench to taste solutions
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• the vallate papilla is deformed and small in neonatal mutants
• at P7 the vallate trench is only 60% as deep as in wild-type mice
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• at P7 homozygous mice have 26% fewer vallate taste buds than wild-type mice
• homozygous mice have fewer fungiform taste buds than wild-type mice
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