mortality/aging
• live homozygotes are rarely recovered at E15.5 and never at E16.5
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hematopoietic system
• fetal liver macrophages exhibit defects in differentiation, as indicated by small size, lack of extensive cytoplasmic projections, and weak staining for a mature macrophage marker
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• significant decrease in the percentage of enucleated erythrocytes, indicating defective erythrocyte maturation
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• at E13.5, peripheral blood smears contain predominantly nucleated erythrocytes
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liver/biliary system
• at E13.5 liver cellularity is decreased and the level of apoptosis is increased
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nervous system
• at E13.5, apoptosis is increased in the brain, dorsal root ganglia, and trigeminal ganglia
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• at E13.5, proliferation is increased in the brain, dorsal root ganglia, and trigeminal ganglia
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• detect ectopic mitosis and apoptosis in the intermediate zones of the fourth ventricle
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• detect ectopic mitosis and apoptosis in the intermediate zones of the third ventricle
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• detect ectopic mitosis and apoptosis in the trigeminal ganglia
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• detect ectopic mitosis and apoptosis in the dorsal root ganglia
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vision/eye
• apoptosis is detected in the lens fiber compartment that is not seen in wild-type
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• at E13.5, ectopic proliferating cells are seen in the interior of the lens and increased apoptosis is seen
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• detect ectopic mitoses in the lens fiber compartment that is not seen in wild-type
• lens fiber cells are disorganized
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homeostasis/metabolism
• expression of hypoxia-inducible genes is increased in the central nervous system at E13.5
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cellular
• MEFs exhibit an increase in the fraction of cells in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle
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• MEFs fail to efficiently trigger G1/S cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage
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• apoptosis is detected in the lens fiber compartment that is not seen in wild-type
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• at E13.5, apoptosis is increased in the brain, dorsal root ganglia, and trigeminal ganglia
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• fetal liver macrophages exhibit defects in differentiation, as indicated by small size, lack of extensive cytoplasmic projections, and weak staining for a mature macrophage marker
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• at E13.5, proliferation is increased in the brain, dorsal root ganglia, and trigeminal ganglia
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• MEFs cultured at confluence exhibit an increase in cell proliferation compared to wild-type MEFs
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embryo
• normal labyrinth architecture is disrupted
• the porous appearance of the labyrinth layer is absent
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• exhibit defective placental transport as indicated by a 7.2% reduction of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid, arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in E14.5 embryos relative to wild-type
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growth/size/body
immune system
• fetal liver macrophages exhibit defects in differentiation, as indicated by small size, lack of extensive cytoplasmic projections, and weak staining for a mature macrophage marker
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integument