mortality/aging
• at E8.5 when embryo turning occurs, embryos were normal
• embryos were visibly abnormal by E9.25 and died by E10.5
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cellular
• localized regions of cell death by E9.0 in the first branchial arch, hindbrain, optic stalk and telencephalon
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embryo
• defect in posterior elongation by E9.25
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• development is arrested by E9.5
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• by E9.5, embryos were significantly smaller than normal littermates
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• apoptotic cells in the neural crest of the first branchial arch
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• fewer than 25 somites at E9.5
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• yolk sac had an abnormal roughened or wrinkled appearance by E9.5
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growth/size/body
• by E9.5, embryos were significantly smaller than normal littermates
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craniofacial
• apoptotic cells in the neural crest of the first branchial arch
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