growth/size/body
• homozygotes are smaller than wild-type and heterozygous littermates
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limbs/digits/tail
• ~31% of mice have medially-torqued forepaws; one more limbs are affected
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• a small percentage of animals have torqued hind limbs; one or more limbs are affected
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skeleton
• ~31% of mice have medially-torqued forepaws; one more limbs are affected
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• a small percentage of animals have torqued hind limbs; one or more limbs are affected
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• mice with severely affected limbs often display rib cage malformations
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• rib cage malformations often result in concave indentation at base of sternum
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immune system
N |
• although mutant cells show abnormal properties in vitro, B and T cell maturation, and functions like antibody production are normal in vivo
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• proliferation of activated cells is not inhibited by Tgfb as are wild-type cells
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• proliferation of activated cells is not inhibited by Tgfb as are wild-type cells
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• Tgfb inhibits cytokine production in stimulated primary splenocyte cultures, but effect is less in mutant cultures
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cellular
• transforming growth factor beta (Tgfb)-mediated cell autonomous proliferation in wild-type fibroblasts is decreased ~50% after 24 hours and 80% after 48 hours while mutant fibroblasts show little effect
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• proliferation of activated cells is not inhibited by Tgfb as are wild-type cells
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• proliferation of activated cells is not inhibited by Tgfb as are wild-type cells
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hematopoietic system
• proliferation of activated cells is not inhibited by Tgfb as are wild-type cells
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• proliferation of activated cells is not inhibited by Tgfb as are wild-type cells
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