mortality/aging
• most homozygotes die between E6.5 and E8.5
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• at E8.5-E9.5, a small portion of homozygotes are still viable and exhibit an increased size relative to E6.5-E7.5 mutants
• at E8.5, some abnormal embryos resemble small solid balls while others show abnormally enlarged sac-like structures with presumptive embryonic endoderm and ectoderm
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embryo
• after 5 days in culture, the ICM outgrowths of mutant embryos are only ~25%-50% the size of wild-type embryos
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• in contrast to wild-type, none of the mutant ICM outgrowths display any signs of endoderm differentiation after 7 days in culture
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• homozygotes are developmentally arrested at the onset of gastrulation, although some are still alive beyond E6.5
• little elongation in the extraembryonic portion of the late egg cylinder is observed
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• at E6.5, homozygotes are only 25%-50% the size of wild-type or heterozygous embryos
• homozygotes remain significantly smaller than wild-type embryos at E7.5
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• at E6.5, homozygotes display reduced epiblast proliferation relative to wild-type embryos
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• at E6.5 and E7.5, homozygotes display either absent or significantly reduced and distorted extraembryonic egg cylinders; at E7.5, both types of abnormal embryos show larger embryonic portions than mutants at E6.5
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• although a portion of mutant embryos at E8.5 display an increase in embryonic ectoderm and endoderm, they fail to form mesoderm
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• at E7.5, homozygotes lack an identifiable primitive streak and headfold
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• at E6.5, homozygotes display no obvious boundary between the embryonic and extraembryonic portions
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• at E7.5, homozygotes exhibit a significantly reduced extraembryonic portion relative to E6.5 and E7.5 wild-type embryos
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• at E7.5, homozygotes remain small but display a relatively large Reichert's membrane
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growth/size/body
• at E6.5, homozygotes are only 25%-50% the size of wild-type or heterozygous embryos
• homozygotes remain significantly smaller than wild-type embryos at E7.5
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cellular
• at E6.5, homozygotes exhibit significantly reduced epiblast cell proliferation, as shown by weak PCNA staining
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• after 5 days in culture, the ICM outgrowths of mutant embryos are only ~25%-50% the size of wild-type embryos
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• at E6.5, homozygotes display reduced epiblast proliferation relative to wild-type embryos
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