mortality/aging
• recover only about 1/8 of the expected number of embryos after E11.5, however some survive up to E15.5
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reproductive system
• failure of testis differentiation is apparent at E12.5
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• lack of testis cord formation
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• Leydig cells do not form
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• XY gonads up to E15.5 show immediate complete sex reversal as indicated by the expression of early ovary-specific markers and lack of testis cord and Leydig cell formation
• 2 of 11 embryos form a completely sex-reversed gonad on one side and an ovotestis on the contralateral side
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cardiovascular system
skeleton
• display a reduction in all cartilage anlagen
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• failure of testis differentiation is apparent at E12.5
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• lack of testis cord formation
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• Leydig cells do not form
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embryo
• absence of Mullerian duct regression in males
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• display a reduction in cranial neural crest cell-derived tissue
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nervous system
• display a reduction in cranial neural crest cell-derived tissue
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