mortality/aging
cardiovascular system
• absence of recognizable cardiac structures
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embryo
• described as indistinct
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growth/size/body
• runted, smaller size
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vision/eye
• absent optic discs
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nervous system
• absent optic discs
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• delayed neural development
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cellular
• mitochondial DNA appeared to be absent
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• disorganized cristae in enlarged mitochondria
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• enlarged with disorganized cristae
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• mice show massive apoptosis at E9.5
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• impairment of oxidative phosphorylation with no functional respiratory chain
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