mortality/aging
• most homozygotes die between E9.5 and E10.5
• no homozygotes are recovered at or after E11.5
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embryo
• at E9.5, most homozygous mutant embryos remain unturned
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• at E9.5, homozygotes exhibit a small and underdeveloped caudal portion
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• at E9.5, most homozygous mutant embryos are ~25% to ~50% the size of wild-type embryos
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• abnormal folding of the neuroectoderm is noted at the level of the cephalic folds and of the neural tube
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• at E9.5, homozygotes fail to close their cephalic neural folds
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• at E9.5, the mutant neural tube is closed at the level of the otic vesicle but remains open beyond the midbrain-forebrain boundary
• abnormal folding of the neuroectoderm is noted at the level of the cephalic folds and of the neural tube
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• at E9.5, homozygotes exhibit a wavy and disorganized neural tube
• in addition, the neural tube is often curved and infiltrated with pyknotic cells
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• at E8.5, the mutant notochord is consistently smaller or even absent
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• at E9.5, the allantois is often abnormal and either resorbing or tuberous
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• allantois is often overgrown with a "bleb" at its extremity
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nervous system
• at E9.5, homozygotes fail to close their cephalic neural folds
|
• at E9.5, the mutant neural tube is closed at the level of the otic vesicle but remains open beyond the midbrain-forebrain boundary
• abnormal folding of the neuroectoderm is noted at the level of the cephalic folds and of the neural tube
|
• at E9.5, homozygotes exhibit a wavy and disorganized neural tube
• in addition, the neural tube is often curved and infiltrated with pyknotic cells
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growth/size/body
• at E9.5, most homozygous mutant embryos are ~25% to ~50% the size of wild-type embryos
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megacephaly
(
J:12622
)
• at E9.5, homozygotes display a disproportionately bulky and dilated head
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cardiovascular system
• at E9.5, blood circulation is essentially absent in the visceral yolk sac and in mutant embryos
• however, all homozygotes at this stage show normal decidual sizes and normal beating of the heart
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