mortality/aging
• homozygotes die at E10
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embryo
• at E9.5, all homozygotes exhibit reduced branchial arches
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• at E9.5, all homozygotes fail to undergo turning from lordotic to fetal position
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• at E9.5, homozygotes display randomized establishment of L-R asymmetry
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• at E9.5, all homozygotes are caudally truncated
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• after E9.0, all homozygous mutant embryos appear smaller than wild-type embryos
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• at E9.5, all homozygotes display defects in neural tube closure
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• at E7.0-E7.5, the mutant embryonic node is normally positioned; however, the nodal plate appears flatter than normal, and overgrowth of surrounding endodermal cells is often observed
• no other obvious morphological defects are noted prior to E9.0
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• at E7.0-E7.5, homozygotes consistently lack cilia on all cells of the embryonic node
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cardiovascular system
• at E9.5, 7 of 13 homozygotes exhibit either delayed or reversed heart looping
• the remaining (6 of 13) homozygotes show normal cardiac looping
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• at E9.5, 4 of 13 homozygotes show reversed cardiac looping
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• at E9.5, 3 of 13 homozygotes display delayed looping accompanied by pericardial edema
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• at E9.5, many homozygotes show a globular pericardium with edema
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growth/size/body
• after E9.0, all homozygous mutant embryos appear smaller than wild-type embryos
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• at E9.5, 4 of 13 homozygotes show reversed cardiac looping
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limbs/digits/tail
• at E9.5, all homozygotes exhibit reduced or absent limb primordia
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nervous system
• at E9.5, all homozygotes display defects in neural tube closure
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craniofacial
• at E9.5, all homozygotes exhibit reduced branchial arches
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homeostasis/metabolism
• at E9.5, many homozygotes show a globular pericardium with edema
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cellular
• at E7.0-E7.5, homozygotes consistently lack cilia on all cells of the embryonic node
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