endocrine/exocrine glands
• substantially lower increase in plasma Acth levels after 6 hours of restraint stress daily for 3 weeks
• substantially higher levels of Pomc in pituitary gland after 6 hours of restraint stress daily for 3 weeks
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• substantially lower insulin level in islets when fed high-fat + high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet
• substantially higher increase in proinsulin level in islets and plasma when fed HF/HS diet
• insulin and proinsulin level in islets when fed normal chow
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homeostasis/metabolism
N |
• blood glucose level response after insulin tolerance test (IP insulin challenge) when on normal chow or HF/HS diet
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• substantially more pronounced weight gain when fed high-fat + high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet from age 10 weeks
• when fed standard chow
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• approximately 50% reduction in plasma insulin levels 30 min. after IP glucose challenge when fed high-fat + high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet
• almost no increase in insulin secretion (versus doubling in wild-type) from isolated islets in vitro in high glucose conditions when islets isolated from donors fed HF/HS diet
• insulin secretion from isolated islets in vitro in low glucose conditions when islets isolated from donors fed HF/HS diet
• plasma insulin levels 30 min. after IP glucose challenge when fed normal chow
• insulin secretion from isolated islets in vitro in low and high glucose conditions when islets isolated from donors fed normal chow
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• substantially greater excursions in blood glucose, 15 to 120 minutes after IP glucose challenge when fed high-fat + high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet from age 16 weeks
• when fed standard chow
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growth/size/body
• substantially more pronounced weight gain when fed high-fat + high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet from age 10 weeks
• when fed standard chow
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nervous system
• substantially lower increase in plasma Acth levels after 6 hours of restraint stress daily for 3 weeks
• substantially higher levels of Pomc in pituitary gland after 6 hours of restraint stress daily for 3 weeks
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mortality/aging
N |
• viable
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behavior/neurological
N |
• food intake
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reproductive system
N |
• fertile
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