mortality/aging
• die by E10.5
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• no chromaffin cells were detected
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• at E13.5, the pancreas was not as developed as controls
• thinned mesenchyme at variable penetrance
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cardiovascular system
• cushions lacked mesenchyme
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• differentiation and thinckening of the myocardium at E13.5 was reduced compared to controls
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• trabeculation is mildly affected
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• hypoplastic valves with little additional development after E13.5
• valves appear incapable of supporting cardiac function
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• blood reflux through the valves is apparent at E13.5
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nervous system
• ectopic dopaminergic neurons are present in the mesencephalic tegmental neuroepithelium due to failure to migrate
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• no chromaffin cells were detected
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• enteric ganglia in the forming gut are greatly reduced
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• absence of differentiated mesenchyme dorsal to the cerebellum
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• the neuroepithelial layer surrounding the fourth ventricle remained rudimentary
• the tectal neuroepithelium failed to differentiate and stratify
• isthmus neuroepithelium was pyknotic
• sometimes, the tectal neuroepthelium was infolded near the cerebellum
• the tegmental neuroepithelium was developmentally delayed
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• the midbrain flexure developed abnormally
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• the entire brain ventricular system failed to enlarge, probably due to reduced or absent cerebrospinal fluid production
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• the lateral and the fourth ventricles exhibit an absence of fingerlike projections and a long base projection compared to controls
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• the mesenchyme separating the hypothalamus and ventral tegmentum and pons was thickened and abnormally oriented
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• thinned neocortex
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• very little differentiation and the entire plate was misshapen
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• observed at E13.5
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• Schwann cells are present in reduced numbers on the trigeminal ganglion and dorsal root ganglia
• few cells are present along the surface of axon projections from the dorsal root ganglia or cranial nerves
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• mispositioned ventrally and with abnormal nerve projections
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• absence of mandibular portion of the ganglion
• abnormal and disorganized nerve projections
• normal geniculate ganglion
• normal vestibulocochlear ganglion
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• the ventral root constriction was absent
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digestive/alimentary system
• normal organization of stomach layers
• the mesenchyme and the epithelial lining appear thinned
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muscle
• differentiation and thinckening of the myocardium at E13.5 was reduced compared to controls
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• trabeculation is mildly affected
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embryo
• the neuroepithelial layer surrounding the fourth ventricle remained rudimentary
• the tectal neuroepithelium failed to differentiate and stratify
• isthmus neuroepithelium was pyknotic
• sometimes, the tectal neuroepthelium was infolded near the cerebellum
• the tegmental neuroepithelium was developmentally delayed
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cellular
• ectopic dopaminergic neurons are present in the mesencephalic tegmental neuroepithelium due to failure to migrate
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