mortality/aging
• pups surviving to E18.5, die at birth
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• most die between E11.5 and E13.5, although some survive to term
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behavior/neurological
• pups and E16.5 embryos do not respond to tactile stimulatio
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• pups do not move and spontaneous movement is reduced in E16.5 embryos
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growth/size/body
• newborns show an average of 10% weight reduction
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respiratory system
• pups do not breathe and lung alveoli do not expand
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nervous system
• increase in apoptosis in the dorsal root ganglia at E13.5
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• absence of glial cells in the enteric nervous system
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• absence of Schwann cell precursors accompanying peripheral nerves
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• sensory neuron degeneration
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• motor neurons start to form but subsequently degenerate
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• cranial ganglia are abnormal by E10 when they form
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• cranial nerves are abnormal by E10 when they form
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• dorsal root ganglia form but subsequently degenerate
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• neuron numbers in the dorsal root ganglia are normal at E12.5, but are reduced by 70 and 82% at E14.5 and E18.5, respectively
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homeostasis/metabolism
cellular
• increase in apoptosis in the dorsal root ganglia at E13.5
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