Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• homozygotes die at E10.5 (neurula stage)
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embryo
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• at E9.5, homozygotes lack vitelline blood vessels
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• at E9.5, homozygous mutant embryos remain unturned
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• at E9.5, mutant embryos are still alive but remain arrested at the 10-12 somite stage
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• growth retardation is already apparent in the neural tube at E8.0
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• at E9.5 and E10.5, homozygous mutant embryos are significantly smaller than wild-type embryos
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• at E9.5, the trunk region of the neural tube shows an irregular shape, reduced thickness of the neuroepithelium, great number of necrotic cells, and a reduced number of mitotic figures
• cellular necrosis is noted in the trunk region of the neural tube as early as E8.5
• no necrosis is observed in the neuroepithelium of the cranial region of the neural tube
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• at E9.5, the neuroepithelium thickness is reduced in the trunk and cranial region of the neural tube and the number of mitotic figures is decreased
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• at E8.0, neural tube closure has not yet occurred at the level of the 4th and 5th somites
• at E9.5, neural tube closure occurs at the cervico-cranial boundary; however, the anterior and posterior neuropores remain open
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• posterior neuropore remains open at E9.5
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• anterior neuropore remains open at E9.5
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• by E10.5, homozygotes are systemically necrotic and are no longer alive
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• at E9.5, homozygotes show lack of blood islands in the yolk sac
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growth/size/body
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• growth retardation is already apparent in the neural tube at E8.0
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• at E9.5 and E10.5, homozygous mutant embryos are significantly smaller than wild-type embryos
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nervous system
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• at E9.5, the trunk region of the neural tube shows an irregular shape, reduced thickness of the neuroepithelium, great number of necrotic cells, and a reduced number of mitotic figures
• cellular necrosis is noted in the trunk region of the neural tube as early as E8.5
• no necrosis is observed in the neuroepithelium of the cranial region of the neural tube
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• at E9.5, the neuroepithelium thickness is reduced in the trunk and cranial region of the neural tube and the number of mitotic figures is decreased
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• at E8.0, neural tube closure has not yet occurred at the level of the 4th and 5th somites
• at E9.5, neural tube closure occurs at the cervico-cranial boundary; however, the anterior and posterior neuropores remain open
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• posterior neuropore remains open at E9.5
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• anterior neuropore remains open at E9.5
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• at E9.5, cranial ganglia are malformed, and most of the ganglion cells appear necrotic
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cellular
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• fibroblast-like cells cultured from E9 mutant embryos show no enhanced proliferation, do not display morphological changes in vitro, fail to form colonies in soft agar, and are not tumorigenic when injected into nude mice
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• cellular necrosis is noted in the trunk region of the neural tube as early as E8.5
• no necrosis is observed in the neuroepithelium of the cranial region of the neural tube
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vision/eye
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• at E9.5, homozygotes show failure of lens placode formation
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hearing/vestibular/ear
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• at E9.5, the mutant otic vesicles have not closed over
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cardiovascular system
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• at E9.5, homozygotes lack vitelline blood vessels
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• at E9.5, mutant hearts are almost four chambered and beat occasionally
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craniofacial
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• at E9.5, olfactory placodes are not apparent
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respiratory system
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• at E9.5, olfactory placodes are not apparent
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taste/olfaction
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• at E9.5, olfactory placodes are not apparent
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