mortality/aging
• embryos degenerate shortly after implantation
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embryo
• in vitro, cultured blastocysts show severely impaired inner cell mass (ICM) proliferation
• cultured E2.5 morulae develop to the expanded blastocyst stage but display slow ICM regression
• however, ICM growth is rescued when morulae are cultured in the presence of exogenous FGF4 protein
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• embryos reach the blastocyst stage by E3.5 with apparently normal ICM and trophectoderm; however, by E5.5-E6.5, embryos are represented by implantation sites containing little or no embryonic material
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• embryos undergo implantation and decidualization but fail to develop thereafter
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• E5.5 egg cylinders are small and defective containing few embryonic cells
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• in vitro, blastocyst outgrowths lack an ICM and an outer layer of extraembryonic endoderm
• however, FGF4-treated morula outgrowths show substantial ICM growth and differentiation to extraembryonic endoderm
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reproductive system
• E6.5 decidua lack discernible embryonic structures and contain degenerated implantation sites
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cellular
• in vitro, cultured blastocysts show severely impaired inner cell mass (ICM) proliferation
• cultured E2.5 morulae develop to the expanded blastocyst stage but display slow ICM regression
• however, ICM growth is rescued when morulae are cultured in the presence of exogenous FGF4 protein
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