Phenotypes associated with this allele

• Allele Symbol: Cd44^tm1Hbg
• Allele Name: targeted mutation 1, Frank Hilberg
• Allele ID: MGI:1934008
• Summary: 7 genotypes

Jump to	Allelic Composition	Genetic Background	Genotype ID
hm1	Cd44^tm1Hbg/Cd44^tm1Hbg	B6.129-Cd44^tm1Hbg	MGI:4941902
hm2	Cd44^tm1Hbg/Cd44^tm1Hbg	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ	MGI:4940495
hm3	Cd44^tm1Hbg/Cd44^tm1Hbg	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:3690235
cx4	Cd44^tm1Hbg/Cd44^tm1Hbg Tg(TNF)197Gkl/0	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * CBA	MGI:4941053
cx5	Adam10^Pied/Adam10^+ Cd44^tm1Hbg/Cd44^tm1Hbg Hr^hr/Hr^hr	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * HRA/SkhKcl	MGI:6163716
cx6	Cd44^tm1Hbg/Cd44^tm1Hbg Tnf^tm2Gkl/Tnf^+	involves: 129S/SvEv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:5702938
cx7	Cd44^tm1Hbg/Cd44^+ Tnf^tm2Gkl/Tnf^+	involves: 129S/SvEv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6	MGI:5702939

Genotype
MGI:4941902

hm1

• Allelic Composition: Cd44^tm1Hbg/Cd44^tm1Hbg
• Genetic Background: B6.129-Cd44^tm1Hbg

• ♀: phenotype observed in females
• ♂: phenotype observed in males
• N: normal phenotype

hematopoietic system

decreased mast cell number ( J:146846 )

• decreased mast cell numbers in the peritoneal cavities and ear tissues

• decreased mast cell numbers in the bone marrow-derived mast cells co-cultured with fibroblasts starting at day 4

decreased mast cell histamine storage ( J:146846 )

• decreased histamine content in the peritoneal cavities and ear tissues

immune system

decreased mast cell number ( J:146846 )

• decreased mast cell numbers in the peritoneal cavities and ear tissues

• decreased mast cell numbers in the bone marrow-derived mast cells co-cultured with fibroblasts starting at day 4

decreased mast cell histamine storage ( J:146846 )

• decreased histamine content in the peritoneal cavities and ear tissues

Genotype
MGI:4940495

hm2

• Allelic Composition: Cd44^tm1Hbg/Cd44^tm1Hbg
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ

immune system

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:101563 )

• trend towards decreased osteoclast surface in distal femur at the age of 17 weeks

increased acute inflammation ( J:131974 )

• increased neutrophil and macrophage density in the infarcted myocardium after 24 h of reperfusion

• higher neutrophil and macrophage density after 72 h and 7 days of reperfusion

abnormal response to infection ( J:86947 )

• increased neutrophil accumulation in the lungs without compromising the control of bacterial growth

• neutrophils are prominent within alveoli and small conducting airways and bronchoalveolar lavages fluid, compared with the wild-type controls at day 20 after aerosol infection with low-dose M. tuberculosis

• lesions are more loosely organized than those from the wild-type group

• at day 30 postinfection, focal lesions begin to coalesce

• at day 65 postinfection, lesions are more severe and necrosis is greater than the wild-type

limbs/digits/tail

increased diameter of tibia ( J:101563 )

• greater proximal tibia and cortical thickness

• trend towards greater cortical area

• smaller medullary area

short tibia ( J:101563 )

• shorter tibias

integument

impaired skin barrier function ( J:108938 )

• a significant delay in barrier recovery kinetics at 1 hour after acute barrier disruption

• reduced secretion of lamellar material and delayed post-secretory dispersion of secreted lamellar material at stratum granulosum-stratum corneum (SG-SC) junction of epidermis at 1 hour after acute barrier disruption

• aberrant apical polarity of LB secretion towards the SG-SC interface

• redistributed from apical to basolateral membranes

abnormal epidermal lamellar body morphology ( J:108938 )

• reduced density of epidermal lamellar body (LB) in the cytosol of keratinocytes

thin epidermis ( J:108938 )

• thinning of the epidermis

• loss of the rete ridges

• flattening of the epidermal-dermal interface

• decreased epidermal proliferation

homeostasis/metabolism

abnormal response to cardiac infarction ( J:131974 )

• enhanced and prolonged neutrophil and macrophage infiltration in the infarct in comparison with wild-type (WT) animals

• decreased myofibroblast infiltration and reduced collagen deposition in the healing infarct

• slightly reduced percentage of apoptotic cells in comparison with WT mice after 72 h of reperfusion

• normal percentage of apoptotic cells after 24 h of reperfusion

• attenuated proliferative response in comparison to WT cardiac fibroblasts

• increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume and a trend toward lower left ventricular mass in comparison with WT animals after 7 days of reperfusion

impaired skin barrier function ( J:108938 )

• a significant delay in barrier recovery kinetics at 1 hour after acute barrier disruption

• reduced secretion of lamellar material and delayed post-secretory dispersion of secreted lamellar material at stratum granulosum-stratum corneum (SG-SC) junction of epidermis at 1 hour after acute barrier disruption

• aberrant apical polarity of LB secretion towards the SG-SC interface

• redistributed from apical to basolateral membranes

abnormal lipid level ( J:108938 )

• decreased total non-saponifiable lipid level in epidermis

decreased cholesterol level ( J:108938 )

• decreased cholesterol level in epidermis

impaired wound healing ( J:131974 )

• decreased myofibroblast infiltration and reduced collagen deposition in the healing infarct

• slightly reduced percentage of apoptotic cells in comparison with WT mice after 72 h of reperfusion

• lower myofibroblast density in the infarcted myocardium after 3 days of reperfusion

• reduced proliferative activity in the infarcted myocardium

• reduced collagen content in the infarct compared with WT mice after 7 days of reperfusion

skeleton

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:101563 )

• trend towards decreased osteoclast surface in distal femur at the age of 17 weeks

increased diameter of tibia ( J:101563 )

• greater proximal tibia and cortical thickness

• trend towards greater cortical area

• smaller medullary area

short tibia ( J:101563 )

• shorter tibias

hematopoietic system

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:101563 )

• trend towards decreased osteoclast surface in distal femur at the age of 17 weeks

cardiovascular system

abnormal response to cardiac infarction ( J:131974 )

• enhanced and prolonged neutrophil and macrophage infiltration in the infarct in comparison with wild-type (WT) animals

• decreased myofibroblast infiltration and reduced collagen deposition in the healing infarct

• slightly reduced percentage of apoptotic cells in comparison with WT mice after 72 h of reperfusion

• normal percentage of apoptotic cells after 24 h of reperfusion

• attenuated proliferative response in comparison to WT cardiac fibroblasts

• increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume and a trend toward lower left ventricular mass in comparison with WT animals after 7 days of reperfusion

cellular

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:101563 )

• trend towards decreased osteoclast surface in distal femur at the age of 17 weeks

Genotype
MGI:3690235

hm3

• Allelic Composition: Cd44^tm1Hbg/Cd44^tm1Hbg
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6

immune system

abnormal leukocyte migration ( J:68069 )

• tail injected lymphocytes derived from homozygotes enter thymus 10-20 times less efficiently than controls

• migration to peripheral lymph nodes is delayed initially, but is balanced out in 24 hours

• lymphocyte migration to spleen is similar in mutant and control

abnormal CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell morphology ( J:68069 )

• CD4+ T cells do not have a CD25^low+ population

abnormal CD8-positive, alpha beta T cell morphology ( J:68069 )

• CD8+ T cells do not have a CD25^low+ population

abnormal neutrophil physiology ( J:94850 )

• very few neutrophils emigrate from the venules after intrascrotal administration of MIP-2 chemokine

• normal circulating leukocyte numbers

• decreased neutrophil adhesion and emigration in response to MIP-2

• normal ability of emigrated neutrophils to migrate through the tissue

• reduced neutrophil adhesion and emigration in chimeric mice whose endothelium lacks CD44

• reduced emigration in chimeric mice whose leukocyte lacks CD44

hematopoietic system

hematopoietic system phenotype ( J:110964 )

N • normal B cell maturation in the bone marrow of mutant mice

N • normal B cell subsets in the spleen of mutant mice

N • normal in-vitro activation pattern of mutant splenic B cells after stimulation with LPS, anti-IgM/IL-4 or anti-CD40/IL-4

abnormal leukocyte migration ( J:68069 )

• tail injected lymphocytes derived from homozygotes enter thymus 10-20 times less efficiently than controls

• migration to peripheral lymph nodes is delayed initially, but is balanced out in 24 hours

• lymphocyte migration to spleen is similar in mutant and control

abnormal CD4-positive, alpha beta T cell morphology ( J:68069 )

• CD4+ T cells do not have a CD25^low+ population

abnormal CD8-positive, alpha beta T cell morphology ( J:68069 )

• CD8+ T cells do not have a CD25^low+ population

abnormal neutrophil physiology ( J:94850 )

• very few neutrophils emigrate from the venules after intrascrotal administration of MIP-2 chemokine

• normal circulating leukocyte numbers

• decreased neutrophil adhesion and emigration in response to MIP-2

• normal ability of emigrated neutrophils to migrate through the tissue

• reduced neutrophil adhesion and emigration in chimeric mice whose endothelium lacks CD44

• reduced emigration in chimeric mice whose leukocyte lacks CD44

cardiovascular system

choroidal neovascularization ( J:154560 )

• increased choroidal neovascularization volume after laser injury

• enhanced hyaluronan accumulation on day 7 after laser injury

• increase in macrophage infiltration on day 3 after laser injury

vision/eye

choroidal neovascularization ( J:154560 )

• increased choroidal neovascularization volume after laser injury

• enhanced hyaluronan accumulation on day 7 after laser injury

• increase in macrophage infiltration on day 3 after laser injury

cellular

abnormal leukocyte migration ( J:68069 )

• tail injected lymphocytes derived from homozygotes enter thymus 10-20 times less efficiently than controls

• migration to peripheral lymph nodes is delayed initially, but is balanced out in 24 hours

• lymphocyte migration to spleen is similar in mutant and control

Genotype
MGI:4941053

cx4

• Allelic Composition: Cd44^tm1Hbg/Cd44^tm1Hbg; Tg(TNF)197Gkl/0
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * CBA

growth/size/body

decreased body weight ( J:97992 )

• reduction of >20% in body weight

skeleton

abnormal osteoclast morphology ( J:97992 )

• increased size of osteoclasts compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:97992 )

• more enhanced in vitro osteoclastogenesis in spleen cells in the presence of M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand than cells in Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

• extensive areas of bone resorption

• bigger and higher number of osteoclasts and increased capacity to form resorption pits

• osteoclasts form earlier, more abundantly, and persisted for a longer time

• higher proliferative activity in osteoclasts

• reduced rate of apoptosis in osteoclasts

increased osteoclast cell number ( J:97992 )

• increased numbers of osteoclasts compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

joint swelling ( J:97992 )

• progressive joint swelling

arthritis ( J:97992 )

• arthritis at the age of 4 week

• disease activity is significantly enhanced and progress significantly faster compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

• larger areas of inflammatory bone erosions

decreased trabecular bone volume ( J:97992 )

• lower trabecular bone volume, further decreased than Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

• low numbers of trabeculae and decreased trabecular thickness

decreased compact bone thickness ( J:97992 )

• thinning of cortical bone

decreased bone mass ( J:97992 )

• aggravated bone loss in both the axial and peripheral skeletal compartment

decreased trabecular bone mass ( J:97992 )

• decrease of trabecular structures

abnormal articular cartilage morphology ( J:97992 )

• increased cartilage damage as denoted by widespread loss of proteoglycans in the articular cartilage compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

increased bone resorption ( J:97992 )

• massive increase in numbers of osteoclasts and osteoclast-covered surface

• increased serum parameters of bone resorption (cross-laps)

behavior/neurological

decreased grip strength ( J:97992 )

• grip strength of paws deteriorated significantly faster compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

immune system

abnormal osteoclast morphology ( J:97992 )

• increased size of osteoclasts compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:97992 )

• more enhanced in vitro osteoclastogenesis in spleen cells in the presence of M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand than cells in Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

• extensive areas of bone resorption

• bigger and higher number of osteoclasts and increased capacity to form resorption pits

• osteoclasts form earlier, more abundantly, and persisted for a longer time

• higher proliferative activity in osteoclasts

• reduced rate of apoptosis in osteoclasts

increased osteoclast cell number ( J:97992 )

• increased numbers of osteoclasts compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

increased circulating interleukin-1 level ( J:97992 )

• increased serum IL-1 level compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

increased circulating interleukin-6 level ( J:97992 )

• increased serum IL-6 level compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

increased interleukin-1 secretion ( J:97992 )

• increased production of IL-1 in osteoclasts compared with cells from Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

increased interleukin-6 secretion ( J:97992 )

• increased production of IL-6 in osteoclasts compared with cells from Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

arthritis ( J:97992 )

• arthritis at the age of 4 week

• disease activity is significantly enhanced and progress significantly faster compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

• larger areas of inflammatory bone erosions

hematopoietic system

abnormal osteoclast morphology ( J:97992 )

• increased size of osteoclasts compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:97992 )

• more enhanced in vitro osteoclastogenesis in spleen cells in the presence of M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand than cells in Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

• extensive areas of bone resorption

• bigger and higher number of osteoclasts and increased capacity to form resorption pits

• osteoclasts form earlier, more abundantly, and persisted for a longer time

• higher proliferative activity in osteoclasts

• reduced rate of apoptosis in osteoclasts

increased osteoclast cell number ( J:97992 )

• increased numbers of osteoclasts compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

homeostasis/metabolism

increased circulating interleukin-1 level ( J:97992 )

• increased serum IL-1 level compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

increased circulating interleukin-6 level ( J:97992 )

• increased serum IL-6 level compared with Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

joint swelling ( J:97992 )

• progressive joint swelling

cellular

abnormal osteoclast differentiation ( J:97992 )

• more enhanced in vitro osteoclastogenesis in spleen cells in the presence of M-CSF and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand than cells in Tg(HBB-TNF)197Gkl mice

• extensive areas of bone resorption

• bigger and higher number of osteoclasts and increased capacity to form resorption pits

• osteoclasts form earlier, more abundantly, and persisted for a longer time

• higher proliferative activity in osteoclasts

• reduced rate of apoptosis in osteoclasts

Genotype
MGI:6163716

cx5

• Allelic Composition: Adam10^Pied/Adam10⁺; Cd44^tm1Hbg/Cd44^tm1Hbg; Hr^hr/Hr^hr
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * HRA/SkhKcl

integument

hairless ( J:262499 )

abnormal skin pigmentation ( J:262499 )

• trunk and tail macules at 10 months

pigmentation

abnormal skin pigmentation ( J:262499 )

• trunk and tail macules at 10 months

Genotype
MGI:5702938

cx6

• Allelic Composition: Cd44^tm1Hbg/Cd44^tm1Hbg; Tnf^tm2Gkl/Tnf⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S/SvEv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6

digestive/alimentary system

digestive/alimentary phenotype ( J:145626 )

N • mice exhibit attenuation of ileitis

immune system

immune system phenotype ( J:145626 )

N • mice exhibit attenuation of ileitis

Genotype
MGI:5702939

cx7

• Allelic Composition: Cd44^tm1Hbg/Cd44⁺; Tnf^tm2Gkl/Tnf⁺
• Genetic Background: involves: 129S/SvEv * 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6

digestive/alimentary system

ileum inflammation ( J:145626 )

• reduced ileitis compared with Tnf^tm2Gkl heterozygous mice

immune system

ileum inflammation ( J:145626 )

• reduced ileitis compared with Tnf^tm2Gkl heterozygous mice