Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• mice born alive all died within 8 days of birth
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• occurs as early as E10
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growth/size/body
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• cleft palates found in about 1/3 of mice
(J:27464)
• usually involves secondary palate but sometimes between the maxillary and frontonasal processes
(J:54535)
• delayed closure of palate sometimes seen
(J:54535)
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• thin and poorly organized
• no fungiform taste papillae
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pointed snout
(
J:54535
)
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• one day delay in external ear opening
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• approximately half of embryos between E10 and E17 were smaller than normal
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• small sized mice tended to die within 3-4 days
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weight loss
(
J:27464
)
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• pups of normal size at birth start to loose weight after four days
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• approximately half of mice between E10 and E17 were smaller than normal
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digestive/alimentary system
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• cleft palates found in about 1/3 of mice
(J:27464)
• usually involves secondary palate but sometimes between the maxillary and frontonasal processes
(J:54535)
• delayed closure of palate sometimes seen
(J:54535)
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• thin and poorly organized
• no fungiform taste papillae
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• slow cell proliferation
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• 2 day old mice with milk in their stomachs but with haemorrhagic and distended intestine
• intestines less developed with fewer and shorter villi
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• reduction in terminal buds of submandibular glands
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• undernourished by day 7 and stomachs devoid of milk
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respiratory system
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• at E12.5, mutant embryos show defective branching morphogenesis with 34% fewer primordial tubules and significantly less branching than wild-type controls
• at E14.5, sparser bronchial trees with 30% less tubules and abundant interstitial mesenchyme are observed
• at E15.5, less acinar tubules and terminal sac-like structures are formed
• mutant E12.5 lungs branch poorly in vitro
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• gasping newborns have, on average, one intra-alveolar septum per four alveoli whereas wild-type controls have one septum per two alveoli
• the number of interalveolar septa is 24/unit surface area versus 60/unit surface area in wild-type controls
• the number of alveoli is reduced by 27% resulting in a 52% smaller alveolar volume than in wild-type controls
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• newborn mice display thinner interstitial tissue than controls
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• at E15.5, less acinar tubules and terminal sac-like structures are formed
• at E16.5, mutant acini are abnormally dilated relative to those in control lungs
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• only a few cells in the collapsed alveoli stain positive for surfactant SP-C or SP-A
(J:27464)
• many of the smaller newborns display collapsed alveoli close to the pleural surface
(J:27464)
• newborn mice display areas of collapsed, hemorrhagic and irregularly shaped alveoli with glycogen-containing cells
(J:41158)
• fewer septations, larger alveolar spaces, and thinner interstitial tissue are observed
(J:41158)
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• many, but not all, mutant type II pneumocytes contain more glycogen storage granules and fewer lamellar bodies than control cells, suggesting epithelial immaturity
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• many, but not all, mutant type II pneumocytes contain fewer lamellar bodies than control cells
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atelectasis
(
J:41158
)
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• 4 of 4 newborn mice display large atelectatic areas
• the mean air-filled area comprises 42% of total lung area versus 54% in controls
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• gasping newborns have, on average, one intra-alveolar septum per four alveoli whereas wild-type controls have one septum per two alveoli
• the number of interalveolar septa is 24/unit surface area versus 60/unit surface in wild-type controls
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• at P4, many of the smaller newborns display thick and hypercellular alveolar septa
(J:27464)
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• in culture, mutant E12.5 lung explants display only about half of terminal buds relative to wild-type controls
• intensity of immunostaining for SP-C is the same in the presence or the absence of EGF, unlike in wild-type controls where addition of EGF results in doubling of the number and increases the SP-C immunoreactivity in buds and branching ducts
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• in culture, mutant E12.5 lung explants display irregularly shaped and dilated terminal buds relative to wild-type controls
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• many of the smaller newborns display dilated terminal bronchi closer to the pleura
(J:27464)
• wide terminal bronchi lined with numerous glycogen-positive red cells are observed
(J:41158)
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• 4 of 4 newborn mice display large airways close to the pleural surface
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• 1 of 4 newborn mice display gasping
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endocrine/exocrine glands
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• reduction in terminal buds of submandibular glands
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• slow cell proliferation
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• beta cells proliferate more slowly
• delayed appearance in the pancreas
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• abnormal organization
• failure of cells to migrate to their normal positions in the pancreas
• appear as streaks next to tuctal epithelial cells
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• about half normal size at E12.5-E16.5
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vision/eye
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• prolapsed lens adhering to the cornea, identifiable by E17
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• born with eyes open
• eyes closed by second day after birth
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hearing/vestibular/ear
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• one day delay in external ear opening
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cardiovascular system
craniofacial
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• retarded growth and very thin
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• cleft palates found in about 1/3 of mice
(J:27464)
• usually involves secondary palate but sometimes between the maxillary and frontonasal processes
(J:54535)
• delayed closure of palate sometimes seen
(J:54535)
|
|
• thin and poorly organized
• no fungiform taste papillae
|
pointed snout
(
J:54535
)
|
• one day delay in external ear opening
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skeleton
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• retarded growth and very thin
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embryo
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• approximately half of embryos between E10 and E17 were smaller than normal
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• small embryos had proportionately small placentas
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integument
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• no hair evident when animals die around day 7
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• few hair follicles
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• formed by day 2
• nuclear layer only 1 cell layer thick
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• very prominent
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• like control animals at E17
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• skin is thin with hematomas and petechiae
• becomes dry and flaky
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flaky skin
(
J:27464
)
homeostasis/metabolism
