Analysis Tools
craniofacial
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• malformation of the frontal and parietal bones and absence of exoccipital, petrosal and interpariatal bones are seen, probably secondary to neural tube defects
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• absent petrosal bone
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• at E9.5 in embryos where the anterior closure point of the neural tube is impaired, the facial primordial is split along the midline
• however, this defect appears to be resolved later and most other aspects of craniofacial development, including palatal formation, are normal
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vision/eye
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• eyes are malformed
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• eyes are rotated in the head
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embryo
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• at E8.5 and E9.5, head mesenchyme is abnormal and denser around the neural tube
• however, the increase in cell density of head mesenchyme is not a result of failure of neural tube closure, abnormalities in neural crest cell development, or changes in proliferation or apoptosis rates in head mesenchyme
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• at E8.5 and E9.5 failure of neural fold elevation and formation of the dorsal-lateral hinge points is seen
• at E8.5 and E9.5, neural tissue appears flat or convex, rather then concave and closed as in controls
• however, formation of the medial hinge points is normal
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nervous system
| N |
• neural crest cell initiation, migration and differentiation occurs normally
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exencephaly
(
J:122594
)
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• between E9.5 and E12.5 embryos exhibit cranial neural tube closure defects from forebrain to hindbrain
• however, the most anterior aspect of the forebrain is typically closed
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skeleton
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• malformation of the frontal and parietal bones and absence of exoccipital, petrosal and interpariatal bones are seen, probably secondary to neural tube defects
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• absent petrosal bone
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growth/size/body
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• at E8.5 and E9.5, head mesenchyme is abnormal and denser around the neural tube
• however, the increase in cell density of head mesenchyme is not a result of failure of neural tube closure, abnormalities in neural crest cell development, or changes in proliferation or apoptosis rates in head mesenchyme
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