skeleton
• the upper rib cage is shortened by about 35%
|
• reduction in the number or intercostal segments of the sternum, and abnormal growth of the intercostal segments
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• abnormal attachment of the ribs to the sternum
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• 54% exhibit an extra articulating eighth rib
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rib fusion
(
J:37847
)
• 83% exhibit fusions of first and second ribs, mostly bilateral
• majority of the rib fusions occur at the point of attachment with the sternum, with 25% of the fusions occurring by alternative pathways
|
• the articulation angle and position of sternal attachment of the second rib resembles those of the first rib
• the abnormal attachment of the 8th rib to the sternum can be regarded as the 8th rib acquiring 7th rib character
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immune system
small thymus
(
J:37847
)
• reduction in size and shape of thymus in those with rib fusions due to a decrease in rib cage size, however the medulla and cortex appear normal
|
hematopoietic system
small thymus
(
J:37847
)
• reduction in size and shape of thymus in those with rib fusions due to a decrease in rib cage size, however the medulla and cortex appear normal
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
small thymus
(
J:37847
)
• reduction in size and shape of thymus in those with rib fusions due to a decrease in rib cage size, however the medulla and cortex appear normal
|