growth/size/body
• fail to gain weight normally over the first three weeks after birth
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nervous system
• a reduction in the number of cells in the intermediate zone of the cortex at E15.5
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• a visible reduction in the size of their posterior cerebral hemispheres
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• reduced anterior wings of anterior commissure connecting the olfactory cortices
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• reduced limbic structures including the olfactory, infrarhinal and entorhinal cortex, amygdale and dentate gyrus
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• reduced corticomedial amygdala
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• reduced entorhinal cortex
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• reduced dentate gyrus associated with a reduction and an abnormal lamination of the mossy fiber projection
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• reduced dentate gyrus associated with a reduction and an abnormal lamination of the mossy fiber projection
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• reduced or missing presubiculum and parasubiculum
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• reduced rhinencephalic structures including piriform cortex
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behavior/neurological
• showed residual spatial learning ability
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• difficulty in handling from birth, exhibiting hyperexcitability and very aggressive behavior
• all male mutants mutilated or killed their littermates, although they were 30-50% smaller
• 45% of the females examined were also aggressive
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• failed to care for their offspring
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