reproductive system
• spermatozoa exhibited reduced motility and only 1% exhibited forward motility
• total curvilinear and average path velocities were reduced
• lateral amplitude of the sperm tail beat was reduced, and the flagellar beat frequency was increased
• no defect in the axonemal structure of the sperm flagella were seen
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• no offspring were obtained in crosses with homozygous males
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respiratory system
• the beat frequency of the tracheal cilia was reduced, but cilia movement took place in a coordinated manner
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cellular
• spermatozoa exhibited reduced motility and only 1% exhibited forward motility
• total curvilinear and average path velocities were reduced
• lateral amplitude of the sperm tail beat was reduced, and the flagellar beat frequency was increased
• no defect in the axonemal structure of the sperm flagella were seen
|