mortality/aging
• 50% of homozygotes fail to thrive and die within 3 days of birth; survival improves to 80% when the larger wild-type and heterozygous littermates are removed
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growth/size/body
• homozygotes are smaller than wild-type or heterozygous littermates
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• newborns are 40-60% smaller than wild-type and heterozygous littermates and during 6-month observation grew but maintained a body weight of 40-60% that of controls; Xrcc5-null mice are proportional dwarfs
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• growth retardation is noted first at E15.5 and size difference is significant at E17.5, increasing to ~40% at birth
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cellular
• after exposure to ionizing radiation, bone marrow cells display less colony formation compared to wild-type
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• cells from null mice show a reduced ability to rejoin DNA double-strand breaks than wild-type
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immune system
• thymus has over 100-fold less cells than wild-type
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• class switching recombination (CSR)-induced Smu internal deletion is impaired
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• spleen contains over 50-fold less cells than wild-type
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• B cell proliferation and apoptosis following LSP or Il-4 treatment was severely impaired even in cells that had undergone several rounds of cell division
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behavior/neurological
• Xrcc-deficient females are unable to sustain their pups which die in a few days unless nursed by a foster mother
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hematopoietic system
• thymus has over 100-fold less cells than wild-type
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• class switching recombination (CSR)-induced Smu internal deletion is impaired
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• bone marrow reduced lymphoid cellularity compared to wild-type
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• spleen contains over 50-fold less cells than wild-type
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reproductive system
homeostasis/metabolism
• cells from null mice show a reduced ability to rejoin DNA double-strand breaks than wild-type
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endocrine/exocrine glands
• thymus has over 100-fold less cells than wild-type
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