Analysis Tools
reproductive system
 |
• common sperm flagellum defects included abnormal axonemes with missing microtubular doublets, ranging from loss of one doublet to the deletion of up to half of the axonemal complex
• other, less common morphological defects included translocation of doublets outside of the axonemal complex, total disorganization of the axoneme, and dislocation of dense fibers
• a large number of spermatozoa exhibited double or sometimes triple axonemes that were usually defective
• abnormal axonemes were detected in ~30% of flagellar cross sections through the principal piece; however, some also occurred in the midpiece of the flagellum
|
|
|
• distinct aberrations in the organization and structure of the burgeoning neck piece were observed
|
|
|
• in some spermatozoa, regions of the fibrous sheath appeared malformed or were entirely missing
|
|
|
• abnormal biflagellate spermatozoa were observed
|
|
|
• mutant spermatozoa lacking head structures were frequently observed
|
|
|
• some mutant spermatids exhibited distinct aberrations in the organization and structure of the burgeoning neck piece
|
|
|
• mutant epididymal spermatozoa were either immobile or displayed only residual motility
|
 |
• defective lobular development of the mammary gland during pregnancy
|
|
|
• male homozygotes were sterile
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
|
|
• significantly less alveolar structures penetrating the mammary fat pad on day 1 of lactation relative to controls
|
|
|
• defective lobular development of the mammary gland during pregnancy
|
|
|
• defective lipid production in the ducts
|
hypolactation
(
J:72105
)
|
|
• pups born from mutant females in matings with either wild-type or heterozygous males failed to survive past day 3 after birth due to decreased milk production
|
behavior/neurological
|
• pups born to mutant females contained no milk in their stomachs
|
|
|
• female homozygotes failed to nurse their pups and support a litter
|
embryo
| N |
• no aberrant cell fate specifications in the CNS or somites
|
neoplasm
| N |
• though a pituitary adenoma was identified in 1 of 15 homozygotes, no statistically significant difference in tumor incidence relative to wild-type was observed
|
integument
|
|
• significantly less alveolar structures penetrating the mammary fat pad on day 1 of lactation relative to controls
|
|
|
• defective lobular development of the mammary gland during pregnancy
|
|
|
• defective lipid production in the ducts
|
hypolactation
(
J:72105
)
|
|
• pups born from mutant females in matings with either wild-type or heterozygous males failed to survive past day 3 after birth due to decreased milk production
|
cellular
|
|
• common sperm flagellum defects included abnormal axonemes with missing microtubular doublets, ranging from loss of one doublet to the deletion of up to half of the axonemal complex
• other, less common morphological defects included translocation of doublets outside of the axonemal complex, total disorganization of the axoneme, and dislocation of dense fibers
• a large number of spermatozoa exhibited double or sometimes triple axonemes that were usually defective
• abnormal axonemes were detected in ~30% of flagellar cross sections through the principal piece; however, some also occurred in the midpiece of the flagellum
|
|
|
• distinct aberrations in the organization and structure of the burgeoning neck piece were observed
|
|
|
• in some spermatozoa, regions of the fibrous sheath appeared malformed or were entirely missing
|
|
|
• abnormal biflagellate spermatozoa were observed
|
|
|
• mutant spermatozoa lacking head structures were frequently observed
|
|
|
• some mutant spermatids exhibited distinct aberrations in the organization and structure of the burgeoning neck piece
|
|
|
• mutant epididymal spermatozoa were either immobile or displayed only residual motility
|
