Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• most homozygotes are resorbed by E9.5
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• 5% of homozygotes are resorbed at E7.5
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• 9% of homozygotes are resorbed at E8.5
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growth/size/body
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• at E7.5, most homozygotes appear developmentally retarded and malformed relative to wild-type embryos
• at E9.5, surviving homozygotes are severely retarded
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• at E7.5, malformed mutant embryos are half the size of wild-type embryos
• at E8.5 and E9.5, all surviving embryos are clearly smaller than wild-type embryos
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• at E8.5, the anterior head mesenchyme underlying the neural folds is reduced and loosely packed
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embryo
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• homozygotes display defects in morphogenetic gastrulation movements
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• homozygotes display impaired mesodermal cell migration out of the posterior primitve streak
• mesodermal patterning is aberrant, although mesoderm differentiates into diverse mesodermal subtypes, as cofirmed by marker analysis
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• at E8.5, homozygotes lack somites and fail to elongate along the anterior-posterior axis
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• at E7.5, most homozygotes appear developmentally retarded and malformed relative to wild-type embryos
• at E9.5, surviving homozygotes are severely retarded
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• at E7.5, malformed mutant embryos are half the size of wild-type embryos
• at E8.5 and E9.5, all surviving embryos are clearly smaller than wild-type embryos
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• at E7.5, malformed mutant embryos exhibit shorter egg cylinders
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• at E8.5, the head process is thickened and expanded across the medial-lateral axis
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• axial mesoderm is significantly expanded across the medial-lateral axis at the expense of paraxial mesoderm
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• paraxial mesoderm is reduced
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• at E9.5, 2 of 3 surviving homozygotes show small, disorganized headfolds
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• at E8.5, the anterior head mesenchyme underlying the neural folds is reduced and loosely packed
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• at E8.5, less severely affected homozygotes display smaller and disorganized neural folds
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• at E8.5, homozygotes with disorganized neural folds show abnormally broad anterior midline structures that divide the neural plate in half
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• at E9.5, one less severely affected homozygote shows a kinked, wiggly neural tube
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• at E7.5, both epiblast and mesodermal cells accumulate in the streak region, resulting in a thickened and kinked primitve streak
• by E8.5, all surviving embryos show a large accumulation of cells in the posterior streak
• however, gastrulation and initial formation of the primitive streak is unaffected
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• by E8.5, all surviving embryos show a large accumulation of cells in the posterior streak
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• at E9.5, surviving homozygotes show absence or severe disorganization of the primitive streak
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• by E8.5 and E9.5, all surviving mutant embryos lack somites
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• at E8.5, homozygotes display an abnormal allantois with a large accumulation of cells at its base
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• at E8.5, abnormal closure of the ectoplacental cavity results in chorion defects (swollen vesicles)
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• "ruffled" endoderm layer at E8.5
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• little extraembryonic mesoderm found under the endoderm at E8.5
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• at E8.5, blood islands are reduced in number
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• ruffled visceral yolk sac
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nervous system
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• at E8.5, homozygotes with disorganized neural folds show abnormally broad anterior midline structures that divide the neural plate in half
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• at E9.5, one less severely affected homozygote shows a kinked, wiggly neural tube
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• at E9.5, an ectopic midline bulge of cells is found in the ventral midbrain region
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cardiovascular system
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• at E8.5, less severely affected homozygotes display abnormal heart tubes
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