mortality/aging
• some homozygotes survive to term; however, all of these die neonatally
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• a number of homozygotes are found dead or resorbed at E10.5-E16.5
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• a number of homozygotes are found dead or resorbed at E10.5-E16.5
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craniofacial
• at E10.5-E16.5, homozygotes exhibit craniofacial defects
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• homozygotes display marked reduction in the second branchial arch
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limbs/digits/tail
• at E10.5-E16.5, homozygotes display distal limb defects
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• delays in ossification in distal phalanges
• anterior digits are abnormal
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• at P0, homozygotes have 17 caudal vertebrae versus 31 found in wild-type mice
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skeleton
• delays in ossification in distal phalanges
• anterior digits are abnormal
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• at E10.5-E16.5, homozygotes exhibit craniofacial defects
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• at P0, homozygotes have 17 caudal vertebrae versus 31 found in wild-type mice
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• at P0, 33% of homozygotes show no attachment of the first rib (R1) to the sternum
• at P0, 100% of homozygotes show no attachment of R7 to the sternum
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• at P0, 33% homozygotes display C2 malformations
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• homozygotes exhibit vertebral transformations predominantly in the anterior direction
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• at P0, posterior transformations include: C5 to C6 (17%)
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• at P0, anterior transformations involve L1 to T13 (67%)
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• at P0, anterior transformations include: S1 to L6 (50%); S2 to S1 (33%)
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• delays in postaxial cartilage condensation
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embryo
• homozygotes display marked reduction in the second branchial arch
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• anterior-posterior defects in lateral plate mesoderm patterning
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