mortality/aging
• fewer than expected mice survive to adulthood (15% compared to an expected 25%)
• however, surviving mice exhibit normal histology and morphology
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• fewer than expected mice survive to adulthood (15% compared to an expected 25%)
• however, surviving mice exhibit normal histology and morphology
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behavior/neurological
• at high doses, mice develop a tolerance to morphine analgesia compared to wild-type mice
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• following treatment with naloxone, mice chronically treated with morphine exhibit reduced withdrawal symptoms with no signs of sniffing or pstosis compared to similarly treated wild-type mice
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• 2 and 24 hours after cued conditioning, all but 2 mice exhibit reduced freezing compared to wild-type mice
• mice receiving extra training still perform worse than wild-type mice
• however, cued conditioning after 30 and 60 minutes is normal
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• while intensive training improves performance, mice perform worse than wild-type mice in a Morris water maze
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• regardless of additional training, mice exhibit defects in long-term memory following contextual and cued conditioning compared to wild-type mice
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• 60 minutes and 24 hours after contextual conditioning, all but 1 mouse exhibit reduced freezing compared to wild-type mice
• mice receiving extra training still perform worse than wild-type mice
• however, contextual conditioning 30 minutes after conditioning is normal
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nervous system
• stellate ganglion is larger than in controls at E17.5
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• SCG is smaller than in controls at E17.5
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• the ratio of field excitatory postsynaptic potential slope to fiber volley in untetanized hippocampal slices is increased 1.6-fold compared to in wild-type slices
• however, paired pulse facilitation is normal
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• long term potentiation decays to baseline 90 minutes after tetanus unlike in wild-type mice that maintain stable LTP for 2 hours
• despite normal peak posttetanic potentiation, synaptic potentiation is lower than in wild-type mice as early as 10 minutes after titanic conditioning
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