reproductive system
N |
• males exhibit normal testes size and weight with no defects in spermatogenesis, sperm morphology or motility
• copulation and vaginal plug formation are normal
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• males are nearly sterile
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• impaired sperm-zona pellucida binding/and or sperm transit to the oviduct
• initial description of impaired EPM binding amended: mutant sperm capable of binding and fusing to the egg plasma membrane (EPM)
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• in vitro, sperm cannot bind to the zona pellucida; removal of cumulus cells revealed that sperm fail to adhere to the egg despite frequent collisions with the zona pellucida
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