mortality/aging
• less than 50% surviving into puberty
|
behavior/neurological
limb grasping
(
J:70431
)
• shown in a vertical wire test and in a pole climbing test
|
• spontaneous horizontal and vertical activity is reduced
|
reproductive system
• some corpora lutea were observed in subfertile females, however they retained oocytes or antral fluid
|
• some follicles contained multiple oocytes enclosed by a single layer of granulosa cells
• with some exceptions, numerous preantral and preovulatory follicles were observed
|
• some follicles contained multiple oocytes enclosed by a single layer of granulosa cells
|
• improper attachment of flagellum to sperm head
|
• failure of sperm to develop hook-shaped head
• improper attachment of flagellum to sperm head
• degenerating sperm head
|
• reduced number of step-15 spermatids
• absence of step-16 spermatids
|
• reduced number of step-15 spermatids
• absence of step-16 spermatids
|
• sperm counts were less than 4% of those of wild-type males
|
• morphologically normal step-12 spermatids
• reduced number of step-15 spermatids
• absence of step-16 spermatids
|
• vacuoles, sloughing of germ cells and mulitnucleated giant cells are present
|
• reduced testis weight; 33.7mg vs 110mg in controls
|
anovulation
(
J:66075
)
• failure of ovulation, as indicated by an absence of or aberrant corpora lutea
• no normal ovulation in response to supraphysiological doses of FSH and LH
|
• females produced fewer litters
|
• litter size reduced to 45% of those of wild-type females
|
nervous system
• Purkinje cells exhibit immature morphological characteristics including multiple climbing fiber synapses
|
• reduced number of mature Purkinje cells
|
• climbing fiber EPSCs have smaller amplitudes than controls
|
• parallel fiber EPSCs are more rapid and have larger amplitudes than controls
|
• climbing fiber stimuli induce net facilitization followed by depression at longer stimulus intervals than controls
|
growth/size/body
• average 19.7g vs 24.3g in controls
|
endocrine/exocrine glands
• some corpora lutea were observed in subfertile females, however they retained oocytes or antral fluid
|
• some follicles contained multiple oocytes enclosed by a single layer of granulosa cells
• with some exceptions, numerous preantral and preovulatory follicles were observed
|
• some follicles contained multiple oocytes enclosed by a single layer of granulosa cells
|
• vacuoles, sloughing of germ cells and mulitnucleated giant cells are present
|
• reduced testis weight; 33.7mg vs 110mg in controls
|
homeostasis/metabolism
N |
• normal testosterone levels
|
cellular
• improper attachment of flagellum to sperm head
|
• failure of sperm to develop hook-shaped head
• improper attachment of flagellum to sperm head
• degenerating sperm head
|
• reduced number of step-15 spermatids
• absence of step-16 spermatids
|
• reduced number of step-15 spermatids
• absence of step-16 spermatids
|
• sperm counts were less than 4% of those of wild-type males
|