All Phenotypes Cebpa<tm1Gonz> MGI Mouse

Phenotypes associated with this allele

Jump to	Allelic Composition	Genetic Background	Genotype ID
cn1	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm1Gonz Tg(SFTPC-rtTA)5Jaw/0 Tg(tetO-cre)1Jaw/0	involves: 129 * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * FVB/N	MGI:3809493
cn2	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm9Nerl Cebpb^tm1Nerl/Cebpb^tm1Nerl Tg(KRT14-cre)1Cgn/0	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * DBA/2	MGI:4366856
cn3	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm1Gonz Cebpb^tm1Nerl/Cebpb^tm1Nerl Tg(KRT14-cre)1Cgn/0	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * DBA/2	MGI:4366857
cn4	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa⁺ Cebpb^tm1Nerl/Cebpb^tm1Nerl Tg(KRT14-cre)1Cgn/0	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * DBA/2	MGI:4366854
cn5	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm2Nerl Cebpb^tm1Nerl/Cebpb^tm1Nerl Tg(KRT14-cre)1Cgn/0	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * DBA/2	MGI:4366855
cn6	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm1Gonz Cebpb^tm1Es/Cebpb^tm1Es Tg(KRT14-cre/ERT)20Efu/0	involves: 129S1/Sv * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * CD-1	MGI:5645076
cn7	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm1Gonz Tg(KRT14-cre/ERT)20Efu/0	involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * CD-1	MGI:5645058
cn8	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm1Gonz Tg(KRT5-cre)5132Jlj/0	involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * DBA/2J	MGI:3809494
cn9	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob/Lep^ob Tg(Alb1-cre)1Dlr/0	involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J * FVB/N	MGI:3809489
cn10	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm1Gonz Tg(Alb1-cre)1Dlr/0	involves: 129X1/SvJ * FVB/N	MGI:3809490

Allelic Composition	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm1Gonz Tg(SFTPC-rtTA)5Jaw/0 Tg(tetO-cre)1Jaw/0
Genetic Background	involves: 129 * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * FVB/N

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Cebpa^tm1Gonz mutation (1 available); any Cebpa mutation (19 available)
Tg(SFTPC-rtTA)5Jaw mutation (4 available)
Tg(tetO-cre)1Jaw mutation (6 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

mortality/aging

neonatal lethality, complete penetrance ( J:106543 )

• mice die within 2 to 3 hours of birth

respiratory system

abnormal lung vasculature morphology ( J:106543 )

• capillary beds in lungs are immature

• however, vascular smooth muscle development is normal

pulmonary vascular congestion ( J:106543 )

• at birth, mice exhibit pulmonary congestion

abnormal lung saccule morphology ( J:106543 )

• between E16.5 and E18.5, mice exhibit reduced dilation of the saccules, thick mesenchyme and a lack of squamous type I cells unlike in wild-type mice

abnormal type I pneumocyte morphology ( J:106543 )

• type I cell maturation is disrupted

absent type I pneumocytes ( J:106543 )

• mature type I cells are absent

abnormal type II pneumocyte morphology ( J:106543 )

• type II cell maturation is disrupted and cells lack stored pulmonary surfactant

atelectasis ( J:106543 )

• at birth

respiratory distress ( J:106543 )

• at birth

abnormal surfactant secretion ( J:106543 )

• mice produce less surfactant protein than wild-type mice

cardiovascular system

abnormal lung vasculature morphology ( J:106543 )

• capillary beds in lungs are immature

• however, vascular smooth muscle development is normal

pulmonary vascular congestion ( J:106543 )

• at birth, mice exhibit pulmonary congestion

Allelic Composition	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm9Nerl Cebpb^tm1Nerl/Cebpb^tm1Nerl Tg(KRT14-cre)1Cgn/0
Genetic Background	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * DBA/2

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Cebpa^tm1Gonz mutation (1 available); any Cebpa mutation (19 available)
Cebpa^tm9Nerl mutation (0 available); any Cebpa mutation (19 available)
Cebpb^tm1Nerl mutation (0 available); any Cebpb mutation (26 available)
Tg(KRT14-cre)1Cgn mutation (2 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

integument

increased keratinocyte proliferation ( J:154022 )

absent epidermis stratum corneum ( J:154022 )

parakeratosis ( J:154022 )

absent epidermis stratum granulosum ( J:154022 )

shiny skin ( J:154022 )

cellular

increased keratinocyte proliferation ( J:154022 )

Allelic Composition	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm1Gonz Cebpb^tm1Nerl/Cebpb^tm1Nerl Tg(KRT14-cre)1Cgn/0
Genetic Background	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * DBA/2

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Cebpa^tm1Gonz mutation (1 available); any Cebpa mutation (19 available)
Cebpb^tm1Nerl mutation (0 available); any Cebpb mutation (26 available)
Tg(KRT14-cre)1Cgn mutation (2 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

mortality/aging

neonatal lethality, complete penetrance ( J:154022 )

• mice die within 5 to 8 hours of birth

growth/size/body

weight loss ( J:154022 )

• at birth mice loss weight rapidly likely due to severe transepithelial water loss without lipophilic barrier dysfunction

vision/eye

eyelids open at birth ( J:154022 )

integument

increased keratinocyte proliferation ( J:154022 )

• at E18.5

abnormal epidermal layer morphology ( J:154022 )

• the interfollicular epidermis exhibits an immature phenotype with fewer and smaller keratohyalin granules in the stratum granulosum and immature non-scaling stratum corneum and parakeratosis compared with wild-type mice

parakeratosis ( J:154022 )

shiny skin ( J:154022 )

tight skin ( J:154022 )

cellular

increased keratinocyte proliferation ( J:154022 )

• at E18.5

Allelic Composition	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa⁺ Cebpb^tm1Nerl/Cebpb^tm1Nerl Tg(KRT14-cre)1Cgn/0
Genetic Background	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * DBA/2

Find Mice

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

integument

integument phenotype ( J:154022 )

N	• mice have normal epidermis

Allelic Composition	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm2Nerl Cebpb^tm1Nerl/Cebpb^tm1Nerl Tg(KRT14-cre)1Cgn/0
Genetic Background	involves: 129P2/OlaHsd * 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * DBA/2

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Cebpa^tm1Gonz mutation (1 available); any Cebpa mutation (19 available)
Cebpa^tm2Nerl mutation (0 available); any Cebpa mutation (19 available)
Cebpb^tm1Nerl mutation (0 available); any Cebpb mutation (26 available)
Tg(KRT14-cre)1Cgn mutation (2 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

integument

increased keratinocyte proliferation ( J:154022 )

abnormal epidermis stratum corneum morphology ( J:154022 )

• intermediate phenotype

abnormal epidermis stratum granulosum morphology ( J:154022 )

• intermediate phenotype

shiny skin ( J:154022 )

cellular

increased keratinocyte proliferation ( J:154022 )

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

cellular

abnormal keratinocyte differentiation ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show molecular changes in K5, K14, K1, and K10 that are consistent with a defect in the basal to spinous keratinocyte transition

increased keratinocyte proliferation ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show a significant increase in the numbers of BrdU positive S-phase cells in the IFE and ORS keratinocytes relative to controls

• a 4.7-fold increase is noted in BrdU positive basal S-phase keratinocytes

• a ~27-fold increase is noted in in BrdU positive suprabasal S-phase keratinocytes

endocrine/exocrine glands

abnormal sebaceous gland morphology ( J:158721 )

• in 4OHT-treated mutant mice, sebaceous glands contain abnormal looking sebocytes that appear undifferentiated, show reduced cytoplasmic volume, and lack clear fine vacuolation supportive of lipid accumulation

• affected glands show increased cellular density with more closely apposed nuclei and the cells are morphologically similar to reserve undifferentiated cells

abnormal male preputial gland morphology ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show marked atrophy of preputial gland lobules and reduced numbers of clear finely vacuolated sebocytes

abnormal sebocyte morphology ( J:158721 )

• in 4OHT-treated mutant mice, sebaceous glands contain abnormal looking sebocytes that appear undifferentiated

abnormal sebocyte differentiation ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice exhibit loss of morphologically distinct differentiated sebocytes in the sebaceous, Meibomian, and preputial glands

• in 4OHT-treated mutant mice, sebaceous gland lobules associated with hair follicles fail to stain with Oil Red O indicating the absence of sebum and terminally differentiated sebocytes

• sebocyte differentiation is blocked as determined by reduced expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and melanocortin 5 receptor, two markers of terminal sebocyte differentiation

abnormal Meibomian gland morphology ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display hyperplasia of the Meibomian ducts

Meibomian gland atrophy ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display atrophic Meibomian glands with greatly reduced lobule size and reduced numbers of differentiated sebocytes with clear vacuolated cytoplasm

abnormal sebaceous lipid secretion ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice exhibit lack of sebum production

integument

increased keratinocyte proliferation ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show a significant increase in the numbers of BrdU positive S-phase cells in the IFE and ORS keratinocytes relative to controls

• a 4.7-fold increase is noted in BrdU positive basal S-phase keratinocytes

• a ~27-fold increase is noted in in BrdU positive suprabasal S-phase keratinocytes

abnormal sebaceous gland morphology ( J:158721 )

• affected glands show increased cellular density with more closely apposed nuclei and the cells are morphologically similar to reserve undifferentiated cells

abnormal male preputial gland morphology ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show marked atrophy of preputial gland lobules and reduced numbers of clear finely vacuolated sebocytes

abnormal sebocyte morphology ( J:158721 )

• in 4OHT-treated mutant mice, sebaceous glands contain abnormal looking sebocytes that appear undifferentiated

abnormal sebocyte differentiation ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice exhibit loss of morphologically distinct differentiated sebocytes in the sebaceous, Meibomian, and preputial glands

• in 4OHT-treated mutant mice, sebaceous gland lobules associated with hair follicles fail to stain with Oil Red O indicating the absence of sebum and terminally differentiated sebocytes

• sebocyte differentiation is blocked as determined by reduced expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase and melanocortin 5 receptor, two markers of terminal sebocyte differentiation

abnormal Meibomian gland morphology ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display hyperplasia of the Meibomian ducts

Meibomian gland atrophy ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display atrophic Meibomian glands with greatly reduced lobule size and reduced numbers of differentiated sebocytes with clear vacuolated cytoplasm

abnormal sebaceous lipid secretion ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice exhibit lack of sebum production

abnormal hair follicle infundibulum morphology ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display focal and regional areas of moderate to severe hyperplasia of the follicular infundibular epithelium and the infundibular outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes

hair follicle outer root sheath hyperplasia ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display hyperplasia of the infundibular outer root sheath (ORS) keratinocytes

abnormal epidermal layer morphology ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show defects in epidermal stratified squamous differentiation

abnormal keratinocyte differentiation ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show molecular changes in K5, K14, K1, and K10 that are consistent with a defect in the basal to spinous keratinocyte transition

abnormal epidermis stratum basale morphology ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display a dysplastic, disorganized basal layer with highly abnormal variations in cell and nucleus size

• a 4.7-fold increase is noted in BrdU positive basal S-phase keratinocytes relative to controls

hyperkeratosis ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display a significantly thickened stratum corneum

parakeratosis ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display low levels of parakeratosis

abnormal epidermis stratum spinosum morphology ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display a dysplastic, disorganized spinous layer with highly abnormal variations in cell and nucleus size

• K10, an early marker of the spinous layer and of the basal to spinous transition is significantly reduced

• K1, another early marker of the spinous layer, is delayed in its expression and instead of being expressed in the layer adjacent to the basal cell layer, K1 is not expressed until ~2-3 layers of cells above the basal layers

abnormal epidermis suprabasal layer morphology ( J:158721 )

• a ~27-fold increase is noted in in BrdU positive suprabasal S-phase keratinocytes relative to controls

epidermal hyperplasia ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display hyperplasia of the interfollicular epidemis (IFE) with a significant increase in the number of nucleated epidermal cell layers; focal areas of hyperplasia are detected as early as 4 days and become more extensive and severe at 8, 12, and 18 days after start of 4OHT treatment

• severe regional epidermal hyperplasia of the haired skin eyelid epidermis is observed

renal/urinary system

abnormal male preputial gland morphology ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show marked atrophy of preputial gland lobules and reduced numbers of clear finely vacuolated sebocytes

reproductive system

abnormal male preputial gland morphology ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show marked atrophy of preputial gland lobules and reduced numbers of clear finely vacuolated sebocytes

vision/eye

abnormal eye morphology ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice exhibit dry, swollen, and partially closed eyes

abnormal Meibomian gland morphology ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display hyperplasia of the Meibomian ducts

Meibomian gland atrophy ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice display atrophic Meibomian glands with greatly reduced lobule size and reduced numbers of differentiated sebocytes with clear vacuolated cytoplasm

dry eyes ( J:158721 )

Allelic Composition	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm1Gonz Tg(KRT14-cre/ERT)20Efu/0
Genetic Background	involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * CD-1

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Cebpa^tm1Gonz mutation (1 available); any Cebpa mutation (19 available)
Tg(KRT14-cre/ERT)20Efu mutation (3 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

cellular

increased keratinocyte proliferation ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show a significant increase in the number of BrdU positive basal keratinocytes relative to controls

integument

integument phenotype ( J:158721 )

N	• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show no major changes in the morphology of interfollicular epidemis, outer root sheath of the hair follicle, and sebaceous glands relative to controls • normal IHC staining for K5, K10, loricrin and involucrin is observed in epidermis

increased keratinocyte proliferation ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show a significant increase in the number of BrdU positive basal keratinocytes relative to controls

epidermal hyperplasia ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show a significant increase in the number of nucleated cell layers relative to controls

thick epidermis ( J:158721 )

• 4OHT-treated mutant mice show a moderate increase in epidermal thickness relative to controls

Allelic Composition	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm1Gonz Tg(KRT5-cre)5132Jlj/0
Genetic Background	involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6 * DBA/2J

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Cebpa^tm1Gonz mutation (1 available); any Cebpa mutation (19 available)
Tg(KRT5-cre)5132Jlj mutation (1 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

neoplasm

increased skin tumor incidence ( J:123139 )

• mice exhibit increased susceptibility to skin tumors induced by DMBA and TPA treatment compared to similarly treated wild-type mice

• pre-alignant tumors induced by DMBA and TPS exhibit increased growth rate compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice

• DMBA and TPA induced tumors exhibit earlier onset, faster progression to malignancy and increased volume compared to in tumors induced in wild-type mice

increased skin papilloma incidence ( J:123139 )

• tumors induced by DMBA and TPA treatment

increased tumor growth/size ( J:123139 )

• DMBA and TPA induced tumors exhibit earlier onset, faster progression to malignancy and increased volume compared to in tumors induced in wild-type mice

increased squamous cell carcinoma incidence ( J:123139 )

• 2 of 13 mice develop squamous cell carcinomas following treatment with DBMA and TPA unlike in wild-type mice

• DMBA and TPA induced tumors progress to malignant squamous cell carcinoma unlike in wild-type cells

integument

integument phenotype ( J:123139 )

N	• epidermal homeostasis is normal

increased skin tumor incidence ( J:123139 )

• mice exhibit increased susceptibility to skin tumors induced by DMBA and TPA treatment compared to similarly treated wild-type mice

• pre-alignant tumors induced by DMBA and TPS exhibit increased growth rate compared to in similarly treated wild-type mice

• DMBA and TPA induced tumors exhibit earlier onset, faster progression to malignancy and increased volume compared to in tumors induced in wild-type mice

increased skin papilloma incidence ( J:123139 )

• tumors induced by DMBA and TPA treatment

Allelic Composition	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob/Lep^ob Tg(Alb1-cre)1Dlr/0
Genetic Background	involves: 129X1/SvJ * C57BL/6J * FVB/N

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Cebpa^tm1Gonz mutation (1 available); any Cebpa mutation (19 available)
Lep^ob mutation (5 available); any Lep mutation (21 available)
Tg(Alb1-cre)1Dlr mutation (3 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

adipose tissue

abnormal fat cell morphology ( J:93579 )

• adipocytes are smaller than in Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes

homeostasis/metabolism

decreased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity ( J:93579 )

• compared to in similarly treated Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes when fed a high carbohydrate diet

increased circulating glucose level ( J:93579 )

• when fed a high carbohydrate diet, mice exhibit elevated serum glucose levels compared to similarly treated Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes

decreased circulating insulin level ( J:93579 )

• compared to in similarly treated Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes when fed regular chow

impaired glucose tolerance ( J:93579 )

• compared to in similarly treated Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes when fed regular chow

increased liver glycogen level ( J:93579 )

• hepatic glycogen content is higher than in Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes

insulin resistance ( J:93579 )

• compared to similarly treated Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes when fed regular chow

abnormal lipid homeostasis ( J:93579 )

• expression of genes involved in lipogenesis are decreased compared to in Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes

increased circulating VLDL cholesterol level ( J:93579 )

• when fed a high carbohydrate diet, mice exhibit a slight increase in serum VLDL compared to in similarly treated Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes

decreased circulating cholesterol level ( J:93579 )

• compared to in similarly treated Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes when fed regular chow

decreased circulating HDL cholesterol level ( J:93579 )

• compared to in similarly treated Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes when fed a high carbohydrate diet

decreased circulating LDL cholesterol level ( J:93579 )

• compared to in similarly treated Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes when fed a high carbohydrate diet

increased circulating free fatty acids level ( J:93579 )

• compared to in similarly treated Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes when fed regular chow

decreased liver cholesterol level ( J:93579 )

• when fed a high carbohydrate diet, mice exhibit a 47% lower hepatic cholesterol level compared to Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes

decreased liver triglyceride level ( J:93579 )

• hepatic triglyceride levels are lower than in Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes

• when fed a high carbohydrate diet, mice exhibit a 46% lower hepatic triglyceride level compared to Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes

liver/biliary system

increased liver glycogen level ( J:93579 )

• hepatic glycogen content is higher than in Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes

decreased liver cholesterol level ( J:93579 )

• when fed a high carbohydrate diet, mice exhibit a 47% lower hepatic cholesterol level compared to Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes

decreased liver triglyceride level ( J:93579 )

• hepatic triglyceride levels are lower than in Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes

• when fed a high carbohydrate diet, mice exhibit a 46% lower hepatic triglyceride level compared to Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes

decreased susceptibility to diet-induced hepatic steatosis ( J:93579 )

• mice are resistant to high carbohydrate diet induced steatosis

growth/size/body

decreased susceptibility to diet-induced obesity ( J:93579 )

• compared to in similarly treated Cebpa^tm1Gonz Lep^ob homozygotes when fed a high carbohydrate diet

Allelic Composition	Cebpa^tm1Gonz/Cebpa^tm1Gonz Tg(Alb1-cre)1Dlr/0
Genetic Background	involves: 129X1/SvJ * FVB/N

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Cebpa^tm1Gonz mutation (1 available); any Cebpa mutation (19 available)
Tg(Alb1-cre)1Dlr mutation (3 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

homeostasis/metabolism

increased circulating free fatty acids level ( J:93579 )

• when fed normal chow or a high carbohydrate diet

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