All Phenotypes Gad2<tm1Oba> MGI Mouse

Phenotypes associated with this allele

Jump to	Allelic Composition	Genetic Background	Genotype ID
hm1	Gad2^tm1Oba/Gad2^tm1Oba	involves: C57BL/6 * CBA	MGI:2177576
ht2	Gad2^tm1Oba/Gad2⁺	involves: C57BL/6 * CBA	MGI:3714858
cx3	Gad1^tm1Tama/Gad1^tm1Tama Gad2^tm1Oba/Gad2^tm1Oba	involves: C57BL/6 * CBA	MGI:3714830
cx4	Gad1^tm1Oba/Gad1⁺ Gad2^tm1Oba/Gad2^tm1Oba	involves: C57BL/6 * CBA	MGI:3714932
cx5	Gad1^tm1Oba/Gad1^tm1Oba Gad2^tm1Oba/Gad2^tm1Oba	involves: C57BL/6 * CBA	MGI:3714933

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

homeostasis/metabolism

decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid level ( J:62320 )

• mice develop and maintain a significant GABA deficit in amygdala, hypothalamus and cortex by 2 months of age relative to wild-type

mortality/aging

premature death ( J:62320 )

• ~25% of homozygous mice die before 25 weeks of age, with decreased survival becoming noticeable after 1 month of age

behavior/neurological

decreased aggression towards male mice ( J:62320 )

• reduction in aggression, shown by reduced number of attacks, is observed towards intruder male, but latencies for attack and tail rattling are unchanged, and grooming of intruder is only moderately reduced

increased coping response ( J:62320 )

• in forced-swim test, mutants show reduced immobility times and increased swimming acitivity relative to wild-type mice, resembling an antidepressant-like behavior change

increased anxiety-related response ( J:62320 )

• a single dose of diazepam does not produce increased activity is the light compartment in a light/dark avoidance test as observed with wild-type mice; total exploratory behavior in the test is increased in wild-type mice but not in mutants

seizures ( J:37576 , J:62320 )

• after 10-15 minutes of sedation, mice show a generalized convulsive fit; latency to seizure is shorter than in wild-type, with 2 homozygotes displaying convulsions without sedation (J:37576)

• doses of pentylenetetrazol required to induce twitch, clonic convulsion and tonic extension sequentially are lower in mutants than in wild-type mice (J:37576)

• during cortical EEG recordings over 2-3 days, seizure bursts of high voltage or sharp waves of 5-15 Hz are observed, lasting from 20 seconds up to 10 minutes, with increased muscle activity (J:62320)

• up to 3 spontaneous seizures in 6/7 mutnats are observed, mainly at night and during transition between sleep and wakefulness (J:62320)

• paroxysmal bursts of polymorphic higher amplitude slow and sharp waves are observed in absence of overt seizures (J:62320)

myoclonus ( J:62320 )

• seizures with myoclonic jerks of head and forelimbs are seen in mice

tonic-clonic seizures ( J:62320 )

• generalized tonic-clonic seizures are seen in some mice

nervous system

nervous system phenotype ( J:62320 )

N	• open field behavior, light/dark avoidance in untreated mice, and voluntary ethanol consumption are similar in mutants and wild-type mice

seizures ( J:37576 , J:62320 )

• after 10-15 minutes of sedation, mice show a generalized convulsive fit; latency to seizure is shorter than in wild-type, with 2 homozygotes displaying convulsions without sedation (J:37576)

• doses of pentylenetetrazol required to induce twitch, clonic convulsion and tonic extension sequentially are lower in mutants than in wild-type mice (J:37576)

• up to 3 spontaneous seizures in 6/7 mutnats are observed, mainly at night and during transition between sleep and wakefulness (J:62320)

• paroxysmal bursts of polymorphic higher amplitude slow and sharp waves are observed in absence of overt seizures (J:62320)

myoclonus ( J:62320 )

• seizures with myoclonic jerks of head and forelimbs are seen in mice

tonic-clonic seizures ( J:62320 )

• generalized tonic-clonic seizures are seen in some mice

muscle

myoclonus ( J:62320 )

• seizures with myoclonic jerks of head and forelimbs are seen in mice

Allelic Composition	Gad2^tm1Oba/Gad2⁺
Genetic Background	involves: C57BL/6 * CBA

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gad2^tm1Oba mutation (1 available); any Gad2 mutation (60 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

behavior/neurological

decreased aggression towards male mice ( J:62320 )

increased anxiety-related response ( J:62320 )

seizures ( J:37576 )

• seizure threshold dose of phenylenetetrazol is intermediate between homozygotes and wild-type mice

homeostasis/metabolism

decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid level ( J:62320 )

• GABA content shows a 2-month delay in increase of amygdala content, resulting in a transient reduction relative to wild-type at 2-3 months of age; significant reduction in GABA levels is detected in hypothalamus at 2 and 3 months, and in cortex at 2 months

nervous system

seizures ( J:37576 )

• seizure threshold dose of phenylenetetrazol is intermediate between homozygotes and wild-type mice

Allelic Composition	Gad1^tm1Tama/Gad1^tm1Tama Gad2^tm1Oba/Gad2^tm1Oba
Genetic Background	involves: C57BL/6 * CBA

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gad1^tm1Tama mutation (2 available); any Gad1 mutation (64 available)
Gad2^tm1Oba mutation (1 available); any Gad2 mutation (60 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

craniofacial

cleft palate ( J:122055 )

nervous system

abnormal nervous system electrophysiology ( J:122055 )

• no respiratory discharges are recorded from the C4 ventral roots at E18 (4-18/minute in wild-type)

• at E14-15, discharges are very infrequent (0.58/minute), in comparison to wild-type (1.85/minute)

abnormal nerve fiber response ( J:122055 )

• in single neurons from the ventrolateral medulla, spontaneous neural activity does not show any respiratory rhythm, with some neurons firing intermittently and others firing at high frequencies

• in single neurons, substance P application induces 2 types of discharge, brief, respiratory discharges and complex, non-respiratory discharges from C4 roots; with the complex discharges, intermittently firing neurons show pronounced hyperpolarization

• inspiratory neurons which fire during C4 discharge aren't seen in presence of substance P

• strychnine application potentiated the nonrespiratory burst in C4 ventral roots

respiratory system

primary atelectasis ( J:122055 )

respiratory failure ( J:122055 )

• when animals are delivered at E18, homozygotes do not start autonomous breathing, unlike wild-type; physical manipulation of the animals does induce respiration-like movements

digestive/alimentary system

cleft palate ( J:122055 )

growth/size/body

cleft palate ( J:122055 )

omphalocele ( J:122055 )

Allelic Composition	Gad1^tm1Oba/Gad1⁺ Gad2^tm1Oba/Gad2^tm1Oba
Genetic Background	involves: C57BL/6 * CBA

Find Mice

Using the International Mouse Strain Resource (IMSR)
Mouse lines carrying:
Gad1^tm1Oba mutation (1 available); any Gad1 mutation (64 available)
Gad2^tm1Oba mutation (1 available); any Gad2 mutation (60 available)

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

mortality/aging

premature death ( J:102619 )

• most die before 15 weeks of age, especially during pregnancy

lethality throughout fetal growth and development, incomplete penetrance ( J:102619 )

• frequency at birth is lower than at E14

Allelic Composition	Gad1^tm1Oba/Gad1^tm1Oba Gad2^tm1Oba/Gad2^tm1Oba
Genetic Background	involves: C57BL/6 * CBA

Find Mice

♀	phenotype observed in females
♂	phenotype observed in males
N	normal phenotype

homeostasis/metabolism

decreased gamma-aminobutyric acid level ( J:102619 )

• GABA content in double nulls is very low (0.02% that of Gad2-heterozygous, Gad1-null mice)

mortality/aging

neonatal lethality, complete penetrance ( J:102619 )

• mice die shortly after birth

craniofacial

cleft palate ( J:102619 )

nervous system

nervous system phenotype ( J:102619 )

N	• mutant and wild-type brains are similar in size and morphology; no histological abnormalities are observed in neocortex, cerebellum or hippocampus • neurons and Purkinje cells develop normally in mutants, with normal axon and dendrite formation

digestive/alimentary system

cleft palate ( J:102619 )

growth/size/body

cleft palate ( J:102619 )

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