endocrine/exocrine glands
N |
• at birth and 2 months, pancreatic contents of insulin and glucagon are similar to that of controls; islet architecture and function are normal
|
|
• in newborns, diminished surface occupied by exocrine pancreas is composed of poorly polarized acinar cells
• at 2 months, histology is grossly normal, but adipocytes accumulate in the parenchyma
• in 10 month old animals, adipose tissue is abundant; however pancreas weight is still reduced by 31%
• adipose replacement of acinar cells is gradual with 2 intermediate cells observed: acinar cells containing small lipid droplets and fat-laden cells containing zymogen but lacking other acinar markers; this suggests that acinar cells transdifferentiate into adipocytes in mature mutants
|
|
• loss of exocrine tissue affects 50% of the acinar mass
|
|
• acinar cells from newborns and adults have less amylase+ve and Cpa+ve zymogen granules than controls and are poorly polarized; in some pancreata, cellular localization of zymogen granules in adult cells is altered due to accumulation of lipid droplets
• some amylase containing zymogen granules are located within the thin cytoplasmic rim of adipocytes
• at 10 months, remaining acinar cells show similar dysmorphic traits to those in younger animals (see note above)
• adipose replacement of acinar cells is gradual with 2 intermediate cells observed: acinar cells containing small lipid droplets and fat-laden cells containing zymogen but lacking other acinar markers; this suggests that acinar cells transdifferentiate into adipocytes in mature mutants
|
|
• in 10 month-old animals, acinar cells are totally absent in entire pancreatic lobes
|
|
• arborization of exocrine tree in newborns is reduced to 51% of controls and to 17% in adults
• loss of exocrine tissue affects 70% of the ductal mass
|
|
• growth of main pancreatic axes is unaffected but secondary branches are less developed at E15.5 and in newborns
• at E12.5, pancreata contain less proliferating pHH3+/Pdx1+/amylase -ve progenitor cells than controls
|
|
• at 2 months, pancreas weight is reduced to 55% of control weight
|
|
• pancreas is hypoplastic from E12.5 onward
|
homeostasis/metabolism
digestive/alimentary system
|
• loss of exocrine tissue affects 50% of the acinar mass
|
|
• acinar cells from newborns and adults have less amylase+ve and Cpa+ve zymogen granules than controls and are poorly polarized; in some pancreata, cellular localization of zymogen granules in adult cells is altered due to accumulation of lipid droplets
• some amylase containing zymogen granules are located within the thin cytoplasmic rim of adipocytes
• at 10 months, remaining acinar cells show similar dysmorphic traits to those in younger animals (see note above)
• adipose replacement of acinar cells is gradual with 2 intermediate cells observed: acinar cells containing small lipid droplets and fat-laden cells containing zymogen but lacking other acinar markers; this suggests that acinar cells transdifferentiate into adipocytes in mature mutants
|
|
• in 10 month-old animals, acinar cells are totally absent in entire pancreatic lobes
|
|
• arborization of exocrine tree in newborns is reduced to 51% of controls and to 17% in adults
• loss of exocrine tissue affects 70% of the ductal mass
|