mortality/aging
• homozygotes start developing severe embryonic abnormalities at ~E8.0 and appear significantly distorted at E9.5
• by E9.5, some homozygotes have undergone complete degeneration; no mutant embryos are detected after E10
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embryo
• at E8.5, blood vessels are detected in the exocoelomic cavity rather than in the yolk sac
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• at E8.5, homozygotes display a shortened anterior-posterior axis
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• at E8.0-E8.5, homozygotes are clearly retarded in development relative to wild-type embryos
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• at E8.0, homozygotes show a significant reduction in head mesenchyme and develop defects in mesodermal derivatives (i.e. heart, yolk sac vasculature, notochord and somites)
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• at E8.5, homozygotes display a kinked neural tube
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• at E8.5, homozygotes lack an organized notochord, despite normal initial production, determination and migration of notochord precursor cells
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• at E8.5, homozygotes display absence of somites: cells expressing presomitic and somitic markers are detected at the correct locations but fail to organize as somites
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• at E7.5, homozygotes possess all three germ layers, including a mesoderm, but exhibit a concave amnion
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• at E8.5, the mesodermal and endodermal layers of the mutant yolk sac appear to split apart
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nervous system
• at E8.5, homozygotes display a kinked neural tube
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growth/size/body
• at E8.0-E8.5, homozygotes are clearly retarded in development relative to wild-type embryos
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• at E8.0, homozygotes show a significant reduction in head mesenchyme and develop defects in mesodermal derivatives (i.e. heart, yolk sac vasculature, notochord and somites)
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cardiovascular system
• at E8.5, blood vessels are detected in the exocoelomic cavity rather than in the yolk sac
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• at E8.5, homozygotes display an abnormal heart
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