immune system
• CD8+CD44hi thymocytes first appear at 4 days after birth
• these CD44hiCD8+ thymocytes accumulate with age
• increased numbers of CD8+ SP thymocytes is accompanied by a transient deficit in the numbers of peripheral CD8+ T cells
|
• germinal center B cells are increased almost two-fold compared to controls
|
• percentage of CD4 single positive thymoyctes is slightly decreased compared to controls
• the percentage of CD4+ T cells in the periphery is half that of controls
|
• single-positive CD8+ T cell numbers are increased 3-fold in the thymus
(J:113408)
• percentage of CD8 single positive thymocyotes are increased about 2-fold compared to controls
(J:123795)
• these thymocytes have a memory phenotype based on CD44 expression
(J:123795)
|
• majority of single-positive CD8+ T cell in the thymus have morphological characteristics similar to memory T cells (CD25lo, CD44hi, CD69lo, CD122+, HSAlo and NK1.1int)
• 85% of peripheral CD8+ T cells are memory T cells based on surface markers
• memory T cell phenotype is confirmed functionally in that a large proportion of T cells produce IFN-gamma upon ex vivo stimulation and that they upregulate Bcl-xL in response to IL-15
|
• gamma-delta T cells have increased expression of CD4, NK1.1, CD44
• gamma-delta T cells also have increased expression ICOS that can promote B cell differentiation
• after activation, gamma-delta T cells increase expression of CD40L and OX40 that also promote B cell differentation
|
• gamma delta T cell numbers are increased in the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and liver but not in the intestinal epithelium
• increases range 2 to 3 fold with a disproportionate increase in the Vgamma1.1 subset
|
• IgE levels are highly elevated at 10 micrograms per ml compared to virtually none in controls
|
• vast majority of T cells have a memory cell phenotype including the ability to produce IFN-gamma upon ex vivo stimulation and upregulation of Bcl-xL in response to IL-15
|
• NK1.1+ gamma delta T cells have decreased IFN-gamma secretion after activation compared to controls
|
• CD8+ T cells have increased secretion of IFN-gamma upon ex vivo stimulation by PMA and ionomycin
|
• NK1.1+ gamma delta T cells secrete more IL-10 on a per cell basis than controls after activation
|
• NK1.1+ gamma delta T cells secrete more IL-13 on a per cell basis than controls after activation
|
• NK1.1+ gamma delta T cells secrete more IL-4 on a per cell basis than controls after activation
• CD4+ gamma delta T cells also produce more IL-4 than their wild-type counterparts
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hematopoietic system
• CD8+CD44hi thymocytes first appear at 4 days after birth
• these CD44hiCD8+ thymocytes accumulate with age
• increased numbers of CD8+ SP thymocytes is accompanied by a transient deficit in the numbers of peripheral CD8+ T cells
|
• germinal center B cells are increased almost two-fold compared to controls
|
• percentage of CD4 single positive thymoyctes is slightly decreased compared to controls
• the percentage of CD4+ T cells in the periphery is half that of controls
|
• single-positive CD8+ T cell numbers are increased 3-fold in the thymus
(J:113408)
• percentage of CD8 single positive thymocyotes are increased about 2-fold compared to controls
(J:123795)
• these thymocytes have a memory phenotype based on CD44 expression
(J:123795)
|
• majority of single-positive CD8+ T cell in the thymus have morphological characteristics similar to memory T cells (CD25lo, CD44hi, CD69lo, CD122+, HSAlo and NK1.1int)
• 85% of peripheral CD8+ T cells are memory T cells based on surface markers
• memory T cell phenotype is confirmed functionally in that a large proportion of T cells produce IFN-gamma upon ex vivo stimulation and that they upregulate Bcl-xL in response to IL-15
|
• gamma-delta T cells have increased expression of CD4, NK1.1, CD44
• gamma-delta T cells also have increased expression ICOS that can promote B cell differentiation
• after activation, gamma-delta T cells increase expression of CD40L and OX40 that also promote B cell differentation
|
• gamma delta T cell numbers are increased in the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and liver but not in the intestinal epithelium
• increases range 2 to 3 fold with a disproportionate increase in the Vgamma1.1 subset
|
• IgE levels are highly elevated at 10 micrograms per ml compared to virtually none in controls
|
• vast majority of T cells have a memory cell phenotype including the ability to produce IFN-gamma upon ex vivo stimulation and upregulation of Bcl-xL in response to IL-15
|