Analysis Tools
mortality/aging
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• homozygous mutant embryos died by E10.5
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cardiovascular system
| N |
• the atrium appeared unaffected, with normal amounts of extracellular matrix
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• at E9.5, only a single left-side ventricular chamber was apparent
• this single ventricular chamber was directly connected to the outflow tract
• expression of Hand1, a left ventricular marker, appeared unaffected throughout the ventricular chamber
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• at E9.5, homozygotes had an enlarged heart
• despite cardiac enlargement, the lumen of the heart was not dilated
• cardiac enlargement appeared to be secondary to a marked expansion of extracellular matrix or "cardiac jelly", between the myocardial and endocardial layers
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• at E9.0, expression of Hand2, a right ventricular marker, was significantly downregulated, indicating the presence of a rudimentary, hypoplastic right ventricle
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• formation of trabeculae was limited
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cellular
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• at E9.0, TUNEL analysis revealed apoptotic death in the anterior region of the mutant looping heart tube
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embryo
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• homozygous mutant embryos displayed growth retardation by E9.5
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muscle
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• formation of trabeculae was limited
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growth/size/body
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• at E9.5, homozygotes had an enlarged heart
• despite cardiac enlargement, the lumen of the heart was not dilated
• cardiac enlargement appeared to be secondary to a marked expansion of extracellular matrix or "cardiac jelly", between the myocardial and endocardial layers
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• homozygous mutant embryos displayed growth retardation by E9.5
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