mortality/aging
• embryos die between E11-E12
(J:11859)
|
cardiovascular system
• absence of interventricular septum
|
small heart
(
J:11859
)
digestive/alimentary system
• absence of bulging stomach structure at E11
|
limbs/digits/tail
• failure of distal limb structure formation in explant cultures and in embryos
|
• at E11.5, limb buds do not show a gain in width and the limb plates are formed poorly or not at all
|
• at E11.5, apical ridges are formed but display a slightly rounder external contour than normal
|
liver/biliary system
• smaller than normal and existing as a single lobe instead of four major lobes
|
small liver
(
J:11859
)
respiratory system
• lungs in explant culture do not develop bronchial branches and remain Y-shaped
• branching defect is largely corrected by addition of fetal calf serum to the culture medium
|
nervous system
N |
• normal autonomic nervous system innervation
|
• thin tubes; 20% less cells and 2/3 average wall section thickness
|
• slightly less expansion of the brain
|
• spinal ganglia are generally thinner and smaller than normal
• rostral ganglia are more severely affected
|
embryo
• at E11.5, limb buds do not show a gain in width and the limb plates are formed poorly or not at all
|
• at E11.5, apical ridges are formed but display a slightly rounder external contour than normal
|
• thin tubes; 20% less cells and 2/3 average wall section thickness
|
muscle
growth/size/body
• at E11.5, the trunk is appreciably smaller than normal
|