mortality/aging
• 50% of mice that are born die prior to weaning
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• 60% of embryos die between E10.5 and E13.5
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cardiovascular system
• in one mouse the arching of the aorta was reversed
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• some mice exhibit a left renal vein that is anterior to the right one
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• unlike in wild-type mice, the azygos vein is often reversed to the right or bilateral azygos veins are present on both sides and the azygos vein remains connected to the inferior vena cava without entering the liver
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• some mice exhibit a portal vein that passes ventral to the duodenum
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• unlike in wild-type mice, the azygos vein remains connected to the inferior vena cava (IVC) and the abdominal portion of the IVC remains connected to the azygos without entering the liver
• in some mice the IVC is reversed on the right side or an IVC is present on each side
• mice exhibit abnormal branching of the IVC near the renal vein
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• mice exhibit malpositioning of the cardiac outflow tracts and other major vessels
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• mice exhibit heart abnormalities such as transposition of the great vessels, double-outlet right ventricle, common artrioventricle canal, and tricuspid atresia
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• unlike in wild-type mice, mice exhibit a pulmonary artery that is dorsal to the aorta or side by side
• some mice exhibit an aorta that is ventral to the vena cava or a vena cava that is located to the left of the aorta
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• 9 of 12 hearts exhibit heart abnormalities such as transposition of great arteries, in which the pulmonary artery connects to the left ventricle and the aorta connects to the right ventricle, and double-outlet right ventricle
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• one mouse did not exhibit a levocardia apex position
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• the right atrium resembles the left atrium in some mice
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• frequently observed
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growth/size/body
• most mice exhibit thoracic left-sided isomerism with malpositioning of the cardiac outflow tracts, the inferior vena cava and the azygos vein
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• the right atrium resembles the left atrium in some mice
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• mice exhibit bilateral symmetry of the bronchi and bronchi are hyparterial
• mice exhibit left pulmonary isomerism consisting of bilateral monolobed lungs and left isomerism in the bronchi
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• in one mouse
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respiratory system
• mice exhibit left pulmonary isomerism consisting of bilateral monolobed lungs and left isomerism in the bronchi
• mice exhibit bilateral symmetry of the bronchi and bronchi are hyparterial
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• mice exhibit left pulmonary isomerism consisting of bilateral monolobed lungs and left isomerism in the bronchi
• mice exhibit bilateral symmetry of the bronchi and bronchi are hyparterial
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liver/biliary system
• defects in liver lobation (lack of caudate lobe and posterior sub-divisions of the right lateral lobe) are associated with azygos vein- inferior vena cava connections
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renal/urinary system
• some mice exhibit a left renal vein that is anterior to the right one
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